DNA fingerprinting and Macromolecules Flashcards
(26 cards)
What are the uses of DNA fingerprinting
Solve unsolvable crimes
Resolve paternity issues
Can prove innocence of people unjustly convicted
Immigration
What is DNA
Dna is a long sequence of “letters” that carry the info of how to build molecules for the body
What are the letters used in DNA
A or T and G or C
How much “spelling” difference is there between individuals
Almost none 99.9% identical
Different enough 3 million different base pairs
What are STRs
Repeating units, usually 4-5 nucleotides long
What are the challenges of DNA fingerprinting
Overlap of STRs
How many STRs should we compare
How likely is a match
Are there subpopulation differences
Do humans make mistakes
How sure do we want to be
What are some thing that living systems needs
Raw materials for growth
Energy to do things that won’t happen spontaneously
How are living systems and machines similar
Fuel comes from energy stored in chemical bonds
Photosynthetic organism create it initially
*Breaking bonds and reforming new lower-energy bonds release energy that can be harnessed to do ”work”
What are features of lipids
water insoluble
Major storehouse of energy
Good Insulators
used for storing and generating useful energy
creates cell membranes, forms hormones, , repels water
What are major types of lipids
Fats/Triglycerides
Phospholipids
Steroids
What form are lipids usually in our diet
Triglycerides
Whats the difference between saturated and unsaturated fat
Depends on whether there are double bonds in hydrocarbon tail
What are the traits of saturated fat
Solid at room temperature
Most animal fats are saturated (bacon grease, lard, butter)
All single bonds
Linear structure
Less reactive
Found in animal fats
What are the traits of unsaturated fats
Liquid at room temp
Most fish/plant fats are unsaturated (corn oil, olive oil)
At Least 1 double bond (C–C)
Bent structure
More reactive
Found in plant based oils
Why are lipids important
Because of energy storage, in membranes, and hormones
What does increasing fat do to preference
Increasing fat is going to increase preference
What is the primary function of carbohydrates
Fuel
What form do carbohydrates come in
monosaccharides and polysaccharides
How do Monosaccharides affect digestion and metabolism
Fast energy, readily available
How do Polysaccharides affect digestion and metabolism
Slow, release more energy
What are the traits of simple sugar
Mono or disaccharides
Blood sugar spikes
Quick and short energy source
Example Boba and Cake
What are the traits of complex sugars
Polysaccharides
Sustained energy release
Example Banana and Oats
What is the primary function of proteins
Construction
How are proteins made
Amino acids
