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Flashcards in BN ch 41 Deck (36)
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1
Q

Age-related changes in mental processes, such as a decline in short-term memory and cognitive skills

A

age-associated memory impairment

2
Q

Progressive, degenerative disease of the brain of unknown origin, resulting in the person’s inability to process and integrate new information and retrieve memory

A

Alzheimer disease (AD)

3
Q

In psychology, a form of treatment used to change behavior by giving positive feedback for desired behavior and negative feedback for undesirable behavior

A

behavior modification

4
Q

Term used to describe age-related changes in mental processes, including a slight decline in short-term memory and cognitive skills

A

benign senescent forgetfulness

5
Q

Psychosocial intervention that includes art, music, and humor, and that can allow for self-expression and alleviate anxiety and depression

A

creative behavioral therapy

6
Q

Acute confusional state that can occur suddenly or over a long period as a result of an underlying biologic cause or psychological stressor

A

delirium

7
Q

Neurologic condition characterized by the following cognitive defects: impaired memory, disturbed intellectual function, and inability to problem solve

A

dementia

8
Q

Mental state characterized by feelings of sadness, despair, and discouragement, ranging from mild to major symptoms

A

depression

9
Q

Treatment that consists of electric shock to the brain, for severe depression that fails to respond to medication or psychotherapy

A

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

10
Q

The appearance of or increase of symptoms of confusion or agitation associated with the late afternoon or early evening hours, usually continuing into the night; also known as sundowning or sundown syndrome

A

nocturnal delirium

11
Q

Behavior characterized by delusions of persecution and/or delusions of grandeur

A

paranoia

12
Q

Medications, such as fluoxetine, sertraline, paroxetine, and venlafaxine, used to treat depression

A

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

13
Q

Medications, used for depression, that block reuptake of both serotonin and norepinephrine

A

serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)

14
Q

(know) Little is known about nocturnal delirium, which poses a management problem for caregiving, although it is sometimes associated with faster cognitive decline in the patient with Alzheimer disease (AD). Impaired mental status, dehydration, fatigue, low lighting or increased shadows, and disruption in the internal body clock may contribute to sundowning

A

15
Q

2 basic types of behavioral management?

A

psychosocial interventions and medications

16
Q

What is the primary goal of psychosocial interventions?

A

to produce a feeling of well-being in the confused and disoriented older adult

17
Q

what is the goal of creative therapies

A

to slow the rate of deterioration and prevent institutionalization as long as possible

18
Q

Also known as antipsychotics, such as chlorpromazine or haloperidol, are sometimes prescribed to manage the anxiety, agitation, hostility, and paranoia associated with dementia

A

major tranquilizers

19
Q

may also be used to treat symptoms of agitation and anxiety, although many medications in this category appear on the screening tool of older person’s prescriptions (STOPP) criteria list

A

minor tranquilizers

20
Q

What does STOPP stand for?

A

screening tool of older person’s perscriptions

21
Q

(know) most large communities have respite care for those with dementia where the family caregivers can take the patient while they have a short break. For qualified veterans, the department of veterans affairs facilities can provide respite care for up to 30 days each year. Often these are special units attached to a hospital or long-term care facility

A

22
Q

What is the 5th leading cause of death in the elderly community

A

Alzheimer’s disease (AD)

23
Q

(know) the loss of neurons in the frontal and temporal lobes accounts for the AD patient’s inability to process and integrate new information and retrieve memory

A

24
Q

(know) General nursing interventions for AD patients depend on the severity of illness. Early in the disease process, nursing care for a confused patient is necessary. Later in the disease process, nursing care is primarily supportive

A

25
Q

(know) identification should be sewn into clothes and placed in a wallet or purse. An identification bracelet that is not easily removed is helpful if the person wanders

A

26
Q

(know) the primary nursing responsibility for a depressed patient is to protect him from self-injury, especially after the patient has initiated antidepressant therapy. Before that time, he may have not had the energy to commit suicide

A

27
Q

(know) you must ask the depressed patient directly if they have any plans of committing suicide and it must be reported. You cannot leave their side if they tell you they have been having suicidal thoughts or intentions of killing themselves.

A

28
Q

the intentional infliction of physical or emotional discomfort or the deprivation of basic nursing necessities for comfort or survival

A

29
Q

(know) In the case of abuse, you must establish a confidential, trusting relationship

A

30
Q

(know) the standard for reporting abuse is usually a reasonable belief that an individual has been or is likely to be abused, neglected, or exploited

A

31
Q

(know) Keep patient safe. Keep yourself and other patients safe. Do not let the aggressor block the door, you need to be closer to the exit. Always remain calm and do not match their voice.

A

32
Q

(know) develop trust with paranoid patient. Never put any medication in a drink or food without the patient’s knowledge to maintain trust

A

33
Q

(SG) How do older adults learn?

A

older adults are just as capable of learning new things as younger people, but their speed of processing information is slower

34
Q

(SG) What are some creative behavioral therapies

A

art, music, and humor. Having pets available can also meet many needs, such as companionship and need for touch.

35
Q

Signs and symptoms of sundown syndrome (nocturnal delirium)

A

Restlessness, increased anxiety, increased agitation, increased agitation, increased confusion, uncooperativeness, argumentativeness

36
Q

(know) impaired mental status, dehydration, fatigue, low lighting or increased shadows, and disruption in the internal body block all contribute to Sundowning as well as decline in the patient with Alzheimer’s disease

A