Fundamentals chapters 2 + 5 Flashcards
1
Q
Pathologic process that causes illness
A
Disease
2
Q
The word ___ comes from a word that means wholeness
A
Health
3
Q
When do you do a brief assessment?
A
within the first hour of every shift
4
Q
A relative state in which one is able to function well physically, mentally, socially, and spiritually in order to express the full range of one’s unique potentialities within the environment in which one is living
A
Health
5
Q
Disease of body or mind
A
illness
6
Q
Chronic illness
A
persisting for a long time; can be controlled but not cured (hypertension)
7
Q
What is subjective data?
A
Subjective data is perceived only by the individual. Only the person can tell you if she feels ill
8
Q
Acute illness
A
Is one that develops suddenly and resolves in a short time
9
Q
Terminal illness
A
no cure available
10
Q
Primary illness
A
develops without being caused by another health problem
11
Q
Secondary illness
A
results from or is caused by a primary illness
12
Q
Inherited means ___
A
genetic
13
Q
Congenital means ___
A
present at birth
14
Q
Idiopathic illness
A
is one for which there is no known cause
15
Q
etiology means ___
A
cause
16
Q
wellness means ___
A
physical and mental well being
17
Q
Transition stage
A
During this period, one may deny feeling ill but recognize that symptoms of an illness are present
18
Q
Acceptance stage
A
denial of illness stops and a “sick” role is assumed
19
Q
Convalescence stage
A
recovering after the illness and regaining health
20
Q
Adaptation means ___
A
adjustment in structure or habits
21
Q
Maladaptation means ___
A
lack of adjustment
22
Q
Self-actualized means ___
A
reaching one’s full potential
23
Q
___ ___ thinks of health as being a relatively passive state, one that a person enjoys because of hereditary and environmental factors that are essentially beyond her control. High level wellness, on the contrary, is described a dynamic and active movement toward fulfillment of one’s potential
A
Halbert Dunn
24
Q
Coping means ___
A
adjusting to or accepting challenges
25
___ can be defined as any action undertaken to promote health, prevent disease, or detect disease in an early asymptomatic way
Health behavior
26
Asymptomatic means ___
without symptoms
27
___ is any activity a person takes to determine her actual state of health and to seek a suitable remedy for a health problem
illness behavior
28
Knowledge and skill making health care decisions is ___
health literacy
29
___ is one that considers the person's biologic, psychological, sociological, and spiritual aspects and needs
Holistic approach
30
Stress means ___
biologic reactions to an adverse stimulus
31
___ is defined as the arrangement of objects, elements, or values in order for their importance
Hierarchy
32
Oxygenation, Nutrition, Elimination, Safety, Rest and Comfort, Hygiene, Activity, Sexual procreation are examples of ___
Physiologic needs
33
Physiologic needs are ___ (8)
Oxygenation, Nutrition, Elimination, Safety, Rest and Comfort, Hygiene, Activity, Sexual procreation
34
Psychological comfort, Assistance in meeting needs, Comfortable environment are examples of ___
Safety and Security
35
Safety and Security examples are ___ (3)
Psychological comfort, Assistance in meeting needs, Comfortable environment
36
Loving, affection, intimacy, sexual expression are examples of ___
Love
37
Love examples are ___
Loving, affection, intimacy, sexual expression
38
Independence, competence, exploration, roles, motivation, learning, leisure, spiritual beliefs are examples of ___
Self-esteem
39
Self-esteem examples are ___ (8)
Independence, competence, exploration, roles, motivation, learning, leisure, spiritual beliefs
40
Self knowledge and acceptance, achievement, openness, flexibility, universal knowledge, aesthetics are examples of ___
Self actualization
41
Self actualization examples are ___ (6)
Self knowledge and acceptance, achievement, openness, flexibility, universal knowledge, aesthetics
42
```
Maslow's hierarchy pyramid from top to bottom
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
```
1. Self-actualization
2. Self-esteem
3. Love and belonging
4. safety and security
5. Physiologic
43
The greater degree of connectedness, of feeling that one understands and is understood by another is known as ___
Intimacy
44
Self actualization means ___
reaching ones full potentional
45
A tendency of biologic systems to maintain stability of the internal environment by continually adjusting to changes necessary for survival is ___
homeostasis
46
To enjoy some degree of health and sense of well-being, one must adapt to factors in the ___
external environment
47
Living in harmony with the external environmental factors requires both ____
adaptability and stability
48
__ is adverse stimulus
stressor
49
___ disturbs the organism's homeostasis and causes the body to attempt to adapt
stress
50
___ is not subject to voluntary control
autonomic
51
What does GAS stand for?
general adaptation syndrome
52
___ occurs in response to long-term exposure to stress. The stages are the alarm stage, the stage of resistance, and the stage of exhaustion.
General adaptation syndrome (GAS)
53
What are the stages of General adaptation syndrome (GAS)
Alarm stage, the stage of resistance, and the stage of exhaustion.
54
The local response is called the ___
Local adaptation syndrome (LAS)
55
___ means adjusting to or solving challenges
coping
56
___ are strategies that protect us from increasing anxiety
Defense mechanisms
57
The unconscious blocking of a wish or desire from conscious awareness is ____
repression
58
Escaping unpleasant, anxiety-causing thoughts by refusing to acknowledge their existence. There is a persistent refusal to be swayed by evidence is ___
denial
59
Attributing an unconscious impulse, attitude, or behavior to someone else (blaming or scapegoating) is ___
projection
60
An intense feeling regarding an object, person, or feeling is out of awareness and is unknowingly acted out consciously in an opposite manner
Reaction-formation
61
Returning to an earlier level of adaptation when severely threatened
Regression
62
Unconsciously falsifying an experience by giving a contrived, socially acceptable, and logical explanation to justify an unpleasant experience or questionable behavior
Rationalization
63
Modeling behavior after someone else
Identification
64
Discharging intense feelings for one person onto another object or person who is less threatening, thereby satisfying an impulse with a substitute object
displacement
65
rechanneling an impulse into a more socially desirable object
sublimation
66
Name the defense mechanisms (9)
Repression, Denial, Projection, Reaction-formation, Regression, Rationalization, Identification, Displacement, Sublimation
67
When the brain perceives a situation as threatening, the sympathetic nervous system stimulates the physiologic functions needed for ___
fight or flight
68
___ avoids or delays occurrence of a specific disease or disorder
Primary prevention
69
___ consists of following guidelines for screening for diseases that are easily treated if found early or for detecting return of a disease
Secondary Prevention
70
___ consists of rehabilitation measures after the disease or disorder has stabilized
Tertiary prevention
71
___ consists of fathering information about patients and their needs using a variety of methods
assessment
72
___ are pieces of information on a specific topic
data
73
___ is all of the information gathered about a patient
database
74
___ is concerned with one very specific problem
focused assessment
75
___ is a conversation in which facts are obtained
interview
76
Data obtained from the patient verbally that only the patient can describe or verify are called ___
subjective data
77
Information obtained through the sense and hands on physical examination is ___
objective data
78
Assessment is an ____
ongoing process
79
___ is a data collection tool that assists in obtaining the information needed to interview the patient intelligently or to prepare adequately for the day's patient assignment
medical records (chart)
80
MAR stands for ___
medication administration record
81
eMAR stands for ___
electronic medication administration
82
Hemiparesis is ___
left sided weakness
83
___ is looking
inspection
84
___ is listening, usually with a stethoscope
auscultation
85
___ is using hands and the sense of touch
palpation
86
___ is tapping with fingertips to produce vibration and sound
percussion
87
A ___ should be carried out in a systematic manner
assessment
88
___ focus on the body systems in which there is a problem or potential problem
Ongoing nursing data collection and examination
89
For Medicare patients, reassessment by an RN is necessary every ___
90 days
90
ADL means ___
activities of daily living
91
___ are pieces of data or information that influence decisions
cues
92
___ are conclusions made based on observed data
Inferences
93
The ___ is never included in the construction of the nursing diagnosis
medical diagnosis
94
___ are the causes of the problem
Etiologic factors
95
___ are those characteristics (signs and symptoms) that must be present for a particular nursing diagnosis to be appropriate for that patient
Defining characteristics
96
___ are abnormalities that can be verified by repeat examination and are objective data
Signs
97
___ are factors the patient has said are occurring that cannot be verified by examination and are subjective data
Symptoms
98
___ defines the patient's response to illness
The nursing diagnosis
99
___ labels the illness
The medical diagnosis
100
Once the nursing diagnoses have been formulated, they are ranked according to their ___
importance
101
___ always comes first
airway
102
___ is used to make astute judgements regarding priorities
critical thinking
103
___ are achievable within 7 to 10 days or before discharge
short term goals
104
___ take many weeks or months to achieve
long term goals
105
___ is a specific statement regarding the goal the patient is expected to achieve because of nursing intervention
expected outcome
106
___ contains measurable criteria that can be evaluated to see whether the outcome has been achieved
expected outcome
107
Once every ___ the care plan is reviewed and updated
every 24 hours
108
the ___ should be constructed right after the admission database is collected
the nursing care plan
109
social interaction, human caring, communication, family community are examples of ___
belonging
110
belonging examples are ___
social interaction, human caring, communication, family community
111
Nursing plans consist of ___
individual issues, family concerns, short and long term goals, expected outcomes
112
___ typically involves three parts, indicating the patients problem or potential problem; the cause or related factors, which can include the pathophysiology; and specific defining characteristics or the signs and symptoms
nursing diagnosis
113
What do you do when performing admission interviews on older adults?
allow more time because the person will probably have a more extensive history and may take longer to recall the needed information
114
During the ___ stage the hormone release mobilizes the body's defenses
alarm stage
115
During the ___ stage the body is battling for equilibrium
stage of resistance
116
___ occurs if the stressor is severe or present over a long enough time to deplete the body's resources for adaptation
stage of exhaustion
