Body as Whole ch. 2

Question 1

Cell

Answer 1

the fundamental unit of all living things

Question 2

cell membrane

Answer 2

surrounds and protects the cell but also regulates what passes into and out of the cell.

Question 3

nucleus

Answer 3

controls the operations of the cell; directs cell division and determines the structure and formation of the cell.

Question 4

chromosomes

Answer 4

rod-like structures within the nucleus.

Question 5

genes

Answer 5

contains a chemical called a DNA

Question 6

karyotype

Answer 6

a photograph of an individual’s chromosomes, arranged by size, shape, and numbers.

Question 7

cytoplasm

Answer 7

includes all material outside the nucleus and enclosed by the cell membrane.
cyt/o = cell
plasm = formation

Question 8

mitochondria

Answer 8

small sausage-shaped bodies that provide the principal source of energy for the cell.

Question 9

catabolism

Answer 9

chemical process that complex foods such as sugar and fat are broken down into simpler substances and energy is released by the mitochondria.
provides the energy for cells to do the work of the body.

Question 10

endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 10

a network of canals within the cell. canals are cellular tunnel systems that manufacture proteins for the cell.

Question 11

ribosomes

Answer 11

attached to the endoplasmic reticulum which build long chains of proteins.

Question 12

anabolism

Answer 12

the process of building large proteins from small proteins pieces called amino acids. this occurs on the endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 13

metabolism

Answer 13

the total of the chemical processes occuring in a cell.
anabolism+catabolism
meta = change
bol = to cast
ism = process

Question 14

muscle cell

Answer 14

long and slender and contains fibers that aid in contracting and relaxing

Question 15

adipose tissue

Answer 15

Skin cells collection of fat cells

Question 16

cartilage

Answer 16

flexible connective tissue often attached to bones and joints.

Question 17

epithelial cells

Answer 17

skin cells that cover the outside of the body line the internal surfaces of organs

Question 18

histologist

Answer 18

specialist in the study of tissue

Question 19

larynx

Answer 19

voice box; located at the upper part of the trachea.

Question 20

pharynx

Answer 20

throat; serves as the common passageway for food.s

Question 21

pituitary gland

Answer 21

endocrine gland at the base of the brain

Question 22

thyroid gland

Answer 22

endocrine gland that surrounds the trachea in the neck

Question 23

trachea

Answer 23

windpipe

Question 24

ureter

Answer 24

one of two tubes, each leading from a single kidney to the urinary bladder

Question 25

urethra

Answer 25

tube from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body.

Question 26

uterus

Answer 26

womb; the organ that holds the embryo/fetus as it develops

Question 27

viscera

Answer 27

internal organs

Question 28

abdominal cavity

Answer 28

space below the chest containing organs such as the liver, stomach, gallbladder, and intestines abdomen peritoneal cavity

Question 29

cranial cavity

Answer 29

space in the head containing the brain and surrounded by the skull. Cranial- pertaining to the skull

Question 30

diaphragm

Answer 30

muscle separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities; moves up and down and aids in breathing.

Question 31

dorsal

Answer 31

pertaining to the back

Question 32

mediastinum

Answer 32

centrally located space outside of and between the lungs.

Question 33

pelvic cavity

Answer 33

space below the abdomen containing portions of the intestines, rectum, urinary bladder, abdominal viscera to muscles and functions as a protective membrane around the organs.