Nervous System Ch. 10

Question 1

cerebrum

Answer 1

thinking, personality, sensations, movements, memory

Question 2

thalamus

Answer 2

relay station (triage center) for sensory impulses
control of awareness and consciousness

Question 3

hypothalamus

Answer 3

body temperature, sleep, appetite, emotions

control of the pituitary gland

Question 4

cerebellum

Answer 4

coordination of voluntary movements and balance

Question 5

pons and midbrain

Answer 5

connection of nerve and nerve fiber pathways including those to the eyes and face

Question 6

medulla oblongata

Answer 6

nerve fibers cross over, left to right and right to left; contains centers to regulate heart, blood vessels, and respiratory system

Question 7

afferent nerve

Answer 7

carries messages TOWARD the brain and spinal cord

Question 8

arachnoid membrane

Answer 8

middle layer of the three membranes (meninges) that surround the brain and spinal cord.

Question 9

autonomic nervous system (ANS)

Answer 9

nerves that control involuntary body functions of muscle, glands, and internal organs.

Question 10

axon

Answer 10

microscopic fiber that carries the nervous impulse along a nerve cell.

Question 11

blood-brain barrier

Answer 11

protective separation between the blood and brain cells

Question 12

brainstem

Answer 12

posterior portion of the brain that connects the cerebrum with the spinal cord; includes midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata

Question 13

cell body

Answer 13

part of a nerve cell that contains the nucleus

Question 14

central nervous system (CNS)

Answer 14

the brain and the spinal cord

Question 15

cerebral cortex

Answer 15

outer region of the cerebrum, containing sheets of nerv cells; gray matter of brain

Question 16

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Answer 16

circulates throughout the brain and spinal cord

Question 17

cranial nerves

Answer 17

twelve pairs of nerves that carry messages to and from the brain with regard to the head and neck

Question 18

dendrite

Answer 18

microscopic branching fiber of a nerve cell that is the first part to receive the nervous impulse

Question 19

dura mater

Answer 19

thick, outermost layer of the meninges surrounding and protecting the brain and spinal cord.

Question 20

efferent nerve

Answer 20

carries messages AWAY fromt the brain and spinal cord; motor nerve

Question 21

glial cell (neuroglial cell)

Answer 21

supportive and connective nerve cell that does not carry nervous impulses.

Question 22

gyrus (plural: gyri)

Answer 22

sheet of nerve cells that produces a rounded ridge on the surface of the cerebral cortex; convolution

Question 23

menginges

Answer 23

three protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord

Question 24

midbrain

Answer 24

uppermost portion of the brainstem

Question 25

motor nerve

Answer 25

caries messages away from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and organs; efferent nerve

Question 26

myelin sheath

Answer 26

covering of white fatty tissue that surrounds and insulates the axon of a nerve cell. Myelin speeds impulse conduction along axons

Question 27

nerve

Answer 27

macroscopic cord-like collection of fibers (axons and dendrites) that carry electrical impulses

Question 28

neuron

Answer 28

nerve cell that carries impulses throughout the body; parenchyma of the nervous system

Question 29

neurotransmitter

Answer 29

chemical messenger released at the end of a nerve cell. stimulates or inhibits another cell, which can be a nerve cell, muscle cell, or gland cell.

Question 30

parasympathetic nerves

Answer 30

involuntary, autonomic nerves that regulate normal body functions such as heart rate, breathing, and muscles of the gastrointestinal tract.

Question 31

peripheral nervous system

Answer 31

nerves outside the brain and spinal cord: cranial, spinal, and autonomic nerves.

Question 32

pia mater

Answer 32

thin, delicate inner membrane of the meninges

Question 33

pons

Answer 33

part of the brain anterior to the cerebellum and between the medulla and the rest of the midbrain

Question 34

receptor

Answer 34

organ that receives a nervous stimulus and passes it on to afferent nerves. skin, ears, eyes, and taste buds.

Question 35

sensory nerve

Answer 35

caries messages toward the brain and spinal cord from a receptor; afferent nerve

Question 36

spinal nerves

Answer 36

thirty one pairs of nerves arising from the spinal cord

Question 37

stimulus

Answer 37

agent of change or external environment that evokes a response

Question 38

sulcus

Answer 38

depression of groove in the surface of the cerebral cortex; fissure

Question 39

sympathetic nerves

Answer 39

autonomic nerves that influence bodily functions involuntarily in times of stress

Question 40

synapse

Answer 40

space through which a nervous impulse travels between nerve cells or between nerve and muscle or glandular cells.

Question 41

ventricles of the brain

Answer 41

canals in the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid. ventricles are also found in the heart -- they are two lower chambers of the heart