Musculoskeletal System Ch. 15 Flashcards
(129 cards)
1
Q
bone
A
dense, hard connective tissue composing the skeleton.
2
Q
bone depression
A
opening or hollow region serving as a connection for bones, or passageways for blood and ligaments.
3
Q
bone process
A
enlarged area that extends from bones as an attachment for muscles, tendons, and ligaments.
4
Q
calcium
A
one of the mineral constituents of bone. Calcium phosphate is the major calcium salt in bones
5
Q
cancellous bone
A
spongy, porous, bone tissue in the inner part of a bone
6
Q
cartilage
A
flexible, connective tissue; found in the immature skeleton, at the epiphyseal growth plate, and on joint surfaces
7
Q
collagen
A
dense, connective tissue protein strands found in bone and other tissues.
8
Q
compact bone
A
hard, dense bone tissue, usually found around the outer portion of bones
9
Q
diaphysis
A
shaft, or mid-portion, of a long bone
10
Q
disk
A
flat, round, plate-like structure.
11
Q
epiphyseal plate
A
cartilaginous area at the ends of long bones where lengthwise growth takes place in the immature skeleton.
12
Q
epiphysis
A
each end of a long bone; the area beyond the epiphyseal plate
13
Q
foramen magnum
A
opening of the occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes.
14
Q
ligament
A
fibrous connective tissue that binds bones to other bones. Ligaments are bands, or strands, located in and around joints.
15
Q
osseous tissue
A
bone tissue
16
Q
ossification
A
process of bone formation
17
Q
osteoblast
A
bone cell that helps from bony tissue
blast = immature
18
Q
periosteum
A
membrane surrounding bones; rich in blood vessels and nerve tissue
19
Q
sinus
A
hollow air cavity within a bone
20
Q
tendon
A
fibrous connective tissue that binds muscles and bones
21
Q
trabeculae
A
supporting bundles of bony fibers in cancellous (spongy) bone
22
Q
vertebra
A
individual segment of the spine composed of the vertebral body, vertebral arch, spinous process, transeverse process, and lamina, enclosing the neural canal and spinal cord.
23
Q
articular cartilage
A
smooth, glistening white tissue that covers the surface of a joint
24
Q
articulation
A
any type of joint
25
bursa (plural: bursae)
sac of fluid near a joint; promotes smooth gliding of one tissue against another
26
meniscus
crescent-shaped fibrocartilaginous structure found in the knee
27
suture joint
immovable joint, such as between the bones of the skull
28
synovial cavity
space between bones at a synovial joint; contains synovial fluid produced by the synovial membrane
29
synovial fluid
viscous (sticky) fluid within the synovial cavity. it is similar in viscosity to egg white; this accounts for the origin of the term (syn=like, ov/o=egg)
30
synovial joint
a freely movable joint
31
synovial membrane
tissue lining the synovial cavity; it produces synovial fluid
32
abduction
movement away from the midline of the body
33
adduction
movement toward the midline of the body
34
dorsiflexion
upward movement of the foot; achieved through ankle motion
35
extension
straightening of a flexed limb; increasing the angle between the bones of a joint
36
fascia
fibrous membrane separating and enveloping muscles.
37
flexion
bending the limb; decreasing the angle between bones
38
insertion of a muscle
connection of the muscle to a bone that moves; usually distal on the skeleton
39
origin of a muscle
connection of the muscle to a bone that moves; usually proximal on the skeleton
40
plantar flexion
downward movement of the foot; achieved through ankle motion
41
pronation
turning the palm downward.
42
rotation
circular movement around a central point. internal rotation is toward the center of the body. external rotation is away from the center of the body
43
striated muscle
muscle connected to the bones; voluntary or skeletal muscle
44
supination
turning the palm upward
45
visceral muscle
muscle connected to internal organs; involuntary or smooth muscle
46
ACL
anterior cruciate ligament of the knee
47
ethmoid bone
supports nasal cavity and eye sockets
48
frontal bone
forehead; part of the eye sockets
49
occipital bone
back and base of skull
50
parietal bones
top and sides of skull
51
sphenoid bone
base of skull and behind eyes (bat-shaped bone
52
temporal bones
lower sides and back of skull
53
lacrimal bones
corners of each eye
54
mandible
lower jaw bone
55
maxillae
upper jawbone
56
nasal bones
bridge and septum of nose
57
vomer
nasal septum (thin. flat bone)
58
zygomatic bones
cheek bones
59
acetabulum
hip socket
60
calcaneus
heel
61
carpals
wrist bones
62
clavicle
collar bone
63
coccyx
tailbone
64
cranium
skull
65
femur
thigh bone
66
fibula
smaller of the two bones lower leg bones
67
humerus
upper arm bone
68
ilium
upper part of pelvic bone
69
ischium
inferior or lower part of the pelvic bone
70
malleolus
ankle
71
metacarpals
hand bones
72
metatarsals
midfoot bones
73
olecranon
elbow
74
patella
kneecap
75
phalanges
finger and toe bones
76
pubis
anterior part of the pelvic bone
77
radius
forearm bone -- thumb side
78
scapula
shoulder blade
79
sternum
breastbone
80
tarsals
hindfoot and midfoot bones
81
tibia
shin bone -- larger of the two lower leg bones
82
ulnia
forearm bone -- little finger side
83
vertebra
backbone-spine
84
ewing sarcoma
rare malignant tumor arising in bone; most often occuring in children
85
exostosis
bony growth (benign) arising from the surface of bone
86
fracture
traumatic breaking of a bone
87
osteogenic sarcoma (oesteosarcoma)
common malignant tumor arising from osteoblasts, found primarily in children and adolscents
88
osteomalacia
softening obone, with inadequate amounts of mineral (calcium) in the bone
89
asteomyelitis
inflammation of the bone and bone marrow secondary to infection
90
osteoporosis
decrease in bone density (mass); thinning and weakening of bone
91
talipes
congenital abnormality of the hindfoot (involving the talus)
92
arthritis
inflammation of any joint
93
ankylosing spondylitis
chronic, progressive arthritis with stiffening of spinal joints, primarily of the spine
94
gouty arthritis (gout)
inflammation and painful swelling of joints caused by excessive uric acid in the body
95
osteoarthritis (OA)
Progressive, degenerative joint disease with loss of articular cartilage and hypertrophy of bone at articular surfaces
96
rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
chronic joint condition with inflammation and pain; caused by an autoimmune reaction against joint tissue, particularly the synovial membrane.
97
carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)
Compression of the median nerve as it passes between the transverse ligament, and bones and tendons of the wrist.
98
dislocation
displacement of a bone from its joint
99
ganglion cyst
fluid-filling sac arising from joint capsules or tendons
100
herniation of an intervertebral disk
abnormal protrusion of an intervertebral disk into the spinal canal or spinal nerves
101
lyme disease (lyme arthritis)
chronic, recurrent disorder marked by severe arthritis, myalgia and malaise; cause is bacterium carried by a tick
102
sprain
trauma to a joint with swelling and injury to ligaments
103
systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease involving joints, skin, kidneys, central nervous system (CNS), heart, and lungs.
104
flexion
decreasing the angle between tow bones; bending a limb
105
extension
increasing the angle between two bones; straightening our a limb
106
abduction
movement away from the midline of the body
107
adduction
movement toward the midline of the body
108
rotation
circular movement around an axis (central point) internal is toward center and external is away from center
109
dorsiflexion
decreasing the angle of the ankle joint so that the foot moves upward , toward the knee or ceiling.
110
plantar flexion
motion that moves the foot downward toward the ground as when pointing the toes or stepping on gas pedal.
plant/o = sole of foot
111
supination
as applied to the hand and forearm, where the elbow is bent, the act of turning the palm up. applied to foot, it is outward roll of the foot/ankle during normal motion
112
pronation
applied to hand and forearm, where elbow is bent, the act of turning the palm down. applied to foot, inward roll of the foot/ankle during normal motion.
113
antinuclear antibody test (ANA)
detects an antibody often present in serum oof patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and other autoimmune diseases.
114
erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
measures time it takes for erythrocytes to settle to the bottom of a test tube
115
rheumatoid factor test (RF)
serum is tested for the presence of an antibody found in many patients with rheumatoid arthritis
116
serum calcium
measurement of calcium level in serum
117
serum creatine kinase
measurement of the enzyme creatine kinase in serum
118
uric acid test
measurement of the uric acid in serum
119
arthrocentesis
surgical puncture to remove fluid from the joint space
120
arthrography
taking x-ray images after injection of contrast material into a joint
121
arthroplasty
surgical repair or replacement of a joint
122
arthroscopy
visual examination of a joint with an arthroscope, which projects an image on a video monitor
123
bone density test (bone densitometry)
low-energy x-ray absorption in bones of the spinal cplumn, pelvis, and wrist is uesed to measure bone mass
124
bone scan
uptake of a radioactive substance is measured in bone
125
computed tomography (CT Scan)
x-ray beam and computer provide cross-sectional and other images
126
diskography
x-ray examination of cervical or lumbar intervertbral disk after injection of contrast into nucleus pulposus
127
electromyography (EMG Scan)
recording the strength of muscle contraction as a result of electrical stimulation
128
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
a strong magnetic field and advanced computing technology are used to create high resolution images of soft tissue
129
muscle biopsy
removal of muscle tissue for microscopic examination
