Endocrine System Ch. 18

Question 1

adrenal cortex

Answer 1

outer section (cortex) of each adrenal gland; secretes cortisol, aldosterone, and sex hormones.

Question 2

adrenal medulla

Answer 2

inner section (medulla) of each adrenal gland; secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 3

ovaries

Answer 3

located in the lower abdomen of a female;responsible for egg production and estrogen and progesterone secretion.

Question 4

pancreas

Answer 4

located behind the stomach; contains cells that are exocrine in function. they secrete enzymes, into the small intestine to aid digestion

Question 5

parathyroid glands

Answer 5

four small glands on the posterior side of the thyroid gland

Question 6

pituitary gland

hypophysis

Answer 6

located base of brain in sella turcica; composed of anterior lobe (adenhypophysis) and posterior lobe (neurhypophysis)

Question 7

testes

Answer 7

two glands enclosed in the scrotal sac of a male; responsible for sperm production and testosterone secretion

Question 8

thyroid gland

Answer 8

located in the neck on either side of the trachea; secretes thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and calcitonin

Question 9

adrenaline

epinephrine

Answer 9

secreted by the adrenal medulla; increases heart rate and blood pressure

Question 10

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Answer 10

secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; also called adrenocorticotropin. It stimulates the adrenal cortex.

Question 11

androgen

Answer 11

male hormone secreted by the tests and to a lesser extent by the adrenal cortex; testosterone is an example.

Question 12

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Answer 12

secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland. ADH increases reabsorption of water by the kidney,

Question 13

calcitonin

Answer 13

secreted by the thyroid gland; decreases blood calcium levels.

Question 14

cortisol

Answer 14

secreted by the adrenal cortex; increases blood sugar. secreted in times of stess and has anti-inflammatory effect.

Question 15

epinephrine (adrenaline)

Answer 15

secreted by the adrenal medulla; increases heart rate and blood pressure and dilates airways (sympathomimetic). “fight or flight” reaction

Question 16

estrogen

Answer 16

female hormone secreted by the ovaries and to a lesser extent by the adrenal cortex. ex; estradiol and estrone

Question 17

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Answer 17

secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. stimulates hormone secretion and egg production by the ovaries and sperm production by the testes.

Question 18

glucagon

Answer 18

secreted by the alpha islet cells of the pancreas; increases blood sugar by conversion of glycogen (starch) to glucose.

Question 19

growth hormone (GH): somatotropin

Answer 19

secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates growth of bones and soft tissues.

Question 20

insulin

Answer 20

secreted by beta islet cells of the pancreas. Insulin helps glucose (sugar) to pass into cells, and it promotes the conversion of glucose to glycogen.

Question 21

luteinizing hormone (LH)

Answer 21

secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates ovulation in females and testosterone secretion in males.

Question 22

norepinephrine

Answer 22

secreted by the adrenal medulla; increases heart rate and blood pressure (sympathomimetic). AKA noradrenaline

Question 23

oxytocin (OT)

Answer 23

secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates contraction of the uterus during childbirth

Question 24

parathormone (PTH)

Answer 24

SECRETED BY THE PARATHYROID GLAND; INCREASES BLOOD CALCIUM

Question 25

progesterone

Answer 25

secreted by the ovaries; prepares the uterus for pregnancy

Question 26

somatotropin (STH)

Answer 26

secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; growth hormone

Question 27

testerone

Answer 27

male hormone secreted by the testes.

Question 28

thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH); thyrotropin

Answer 28

secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. TSH acts on the thyroid gland to promote its functioning.

Question 29

thyroxine (T4)

Answer 29

secreted by the thyroid gland; also called tetraiodothyronine. T4 increases metabolism in cells.

Question 30

triiodothyronine (T3)

Answer 30

secreted by the thyroid gland; T3 increases metabolism in cells

Question 31

corticosteroids

Answer 31

hormones (steroids) produced by the adrenal cortex. | ex: cortisol, aldosterone, and androgens and estrogens.

Question 32

glucocorticoid

Answer 32

steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex; regulates glucose, fat, and protein metabolism

Question 33

homeostasis

Answer 33

tendency of an organism to maintain a constant internal environment

Question 34

hormone

Answer 34

chemical secreted by an endocrine gland, that travels through the blood to a distant organ or gland where it influences the structure or function of that organ or gland

Question 35

hypothalamus

Answer 35

region of the brain lying below the thalamus and above the pituitary gland. it secretes releasing factors and hormones that affect the pituitary gland.

Question 36

receptor

Answer 36

cellular or nuclear protein that binds to a hormone so that a response can be elicited

Question 37

target tissue

Answer 37

cells of an organ that are affected or stimulated by specific hormones.