Body cavities, Primitive mesenteries, Diaphragm Flashcards
(113 cards)
1
Q
What are the two dorsal body cavities?
A
Cranial cavity and vertebral cavity
2
Q
What are the three ventral body cavities?
A
Thoracic cavity, abdominal cavity, pelvic cavity
3
Q
The thoracic cavity contains ______ cavities
A
One pericardial cavity and two pleural cavities
4
Q
The abdominopelvic cavity contains _____ cavity
A
One large peritoneal cavity
5
Q
The intraembryonic coelom appears in which embryonic regions and by what week?
A
Cardiogenic area and lateral mesoderm in the 4th week
6
Q
Intraembryonic coelom is ___ shaped cavity
A
Horse-shoe shaped cavity
7
Q
The bend in the horseshoe-shaped cavity (intraembryonic coelom) indicates the future ___.
A
Pericardial cavity
8
Q
The limbs of the intraembryonic coelom indicate the future ___.
A
Pleural and peritoneal cavities
9
Q
The greater part of each limb of the intraembryonic coelom opens laterally into the ___.
A
Extra-embryonic coelom (EEC)
10
Q
During cranial folding of the embryo, pericardial cavity comes to lie where?
A
Ventral to the foregut
11
Q
Where do the pericardioperitoneal canals arise from?
A
Dorsal wall of the pericardial cavity
12
Q
The pericardioperitoneal canals pass on each side of the ___ (future ___).
A
Foregut (future esophagus)
13
Q
The pericardioperitoneal canals lie dorsal to the ___.
A
Septum transversum
14
Q
The pericardioperitoneal canals open into the ___.
A
Peritoneal cavity
15
Q
During horizontal folding, the limbs of the intraembryonic coelom are brought together on the _____
A
Ventral aspect of the embryo
16
Q
The intraembryonic coelom is lined by _____ derived from the __ and __.
A
Mesothelium; Somatic mesoderm (parietal layer) and splanchnic mesoderm (visceral layer)
17
Q
By which week does the peritoneal cavity lose its connection with the extraembryonic coelom?
A
10th week
18
Q
Partitions appears to separate the pericardioperitoneal canals from the ____ and _____
A
pericardial and peritoneal cavities
19
Q
Which embryonic structures grow into the pericardioperitoneal canals?
A
Lung buds
20
Q
As the _____ grow into the _____, a pair of membranous ridges is produced in the _____ wall of ____
A
lung buds; pericardioperitoneal canals; lateral wall of each canal
21
Q
What are the pair of membranous ridges produced in the lateral wall of each pericardioperitoneal canals as lung buds grow into them?
A
Pleuropericardial folds and Pleuroperitoneal folds
22
Q
Where are pleuropericardial folds located in relation to the developing lungs?
A
Cranial to the developing lungs
23
Q
Where are pleuroperitoneal folds located in relation to the developing lungs?
A
Caudal to the developing lungs
24
Q
The ______ grow laterally from the caudal end of the trachea into _____
A
Bronchial buds; Pericardioperitoneal canals (future pleural cavities)
25
As the pleural cavities expand ventrally, they grow into the _____
body wall
26
As the pleural cavities expand ventrally, they grow into the body wall in the angle between the body wall and a ridge raised by ____ and _____
Common cardinal vein and Phrenic nerve
27
Expansion and growth of the pleural cavities into the body wall results in splitting the ______ into ____ and ____ layers
Mesenchyme; An outer layer that forms the thoracic wall and An inner layer that forms the pleuropericardial membrane
28
The outer and inner layer of the mesenchyme split by expanding pleural cavities form ____ and ____ respectively
Thoracic wall (outer layer); Pleuropericardial membrane (inner layer)
29
The pleuropericardial membranes project into ____ end of the _____.
Cranial end of pericardioperitoneal canals
30
With the growth and descent of the heart and expansion of the pleural cavities, what happens to the pleuropericardial membranes?
They expand and move medially
31
By the 7th week, the pleuropericardial membranes fuse with ______
Mesenchyme ventral to the esophagus
32
Fusion of the pleuropericardial membranes with the mesenchyme ventral to the esophagus results in the formation of ______
Primordial mediastinum
33
What causes closure of pleuropericardial openings?
Formation of primordial mediastinum by the fusion of pleuropericardial membranes with the mesenchyme ventral to the esophagus
34
By what week are the pleuropericardial openings closed?
7th week
35
Which pleuropericardial opening closes earlier, and why?
Right pleuropericardial opening closes slightly earlier than the left because the right common cardinal vein is larger than the left and so raises a bigger fold
36
What forms the fibrous pericardium?
Fused pleuropericardial membranes
37
Which nerve is found within the fibrous pericardium?
Phrenic nerve
38
What do the pleuroperitoneal membranes develop from?
Pleuroperitoneal folds
39
Where are the pleuroperitoneal folds attached?
Dorsolaterally to the body wall
40
The free edges of the pleuroperitoneal folds project into _____
Caudal part of the pericardioperitoneal canals
41
Pleuroperitoneal folds become more prominent and gradually become membranes when?
As the developing lungs enlarges cranially and liver expands caudally
42
What invades the pleuroperitoneal membranes as they become membranous?
Myoblasts (primitive muscle cells)
43
During the ___ week, pleuroperitoneal membranes extend ____ and fuse with ____ and _____
6th week, extend ventromedially; fuse with dorsal mesentery of esophagus and the septum
44
What causes closure of pleuroperitoneal openings?
Fusion of pleuroperitoneal membranes with dorsal mesentery of esophagus and the septum
45
Which pericardioperitoneal opening closes earlier?
Right closes slightly earlier than the left
46
After embryonic folding, the ______ part of the foregut is connected to the anterior & posterior abdominal wall by _____ and ____ respectively
Caudal part of the foregut; Ventral & Dorsal mesentery
47
The ____ and the _____ are suspended in the peritoneal cavity from the posterior abdominal wall by _____
Midgut and Hindgut; Dorsal mesentery
48
Ventral mesentery degenerates in the region of the _____ extending from ___ to ____
Future peritoneal cavity; from heart to the pelvic region
49
What is a mesentery?
Double layer of peritoneum enclosing a mass of mesoderm.
50
____ connects the organ to the body wall, carries vessels, nerves & lymphatics for the organ
Mesentery
51
Mesentery is the site where?
Visceral peritoneum continues as parietal peritoneum
52
The diaphragm develops from how many embryonic components?
Four
53
List the four embryonic components that contribute to the development of the diaphragm.
Septum transversum, Pleuroperitoneal membranes, Dorsal mesentery of esophagus, Muscular ingrowth from lateral body walls
54
______ forms the central tendon of the diaphragm.
Septum transversum
55
______ forms the crura of the diaphragm.
Dorsal mesentery of esophagus
56
______ contributes to the peripheral muscular portion of the diaphragm.
Muscular ingrowth from lateral body walls
57
______ forms a large part of the fetal diaphragm but represents a smaller portion in infants.
Pleuroperitoneal membranes
58
Germ layer origin of septum transversum?
It is a mesodermal tissue
59
Septum transversum is located between _____ and ____; ventral to the _____ and _____
Located between pericardial cavity and yolk sac; Ventral to foregut and pleuroperitoneal canals
60
What type of partition does septum transversum and the 3 basic components of diaphragm form between thoracic and abdominal cavity?
Septum forms incomplete, 3 basic components form complete partition
61
Septum transversum grows dorsally from _____, forms an incomplete partition between ____ and _____
Ventrolateral body wall; Thoracic and abdominal cavity
62
Septum transversum expands and fuses with ____ and ____
Pleuroperitoneal membranes and mesenchyme ventral to the esophagus
63
____ is the primordium of the central tendon of the diaphragm
Septum transversum
64
What are the three basic components of the diaphragm?
Pleuroperitoneal membranes, Mesoesophagus, Septum transversum
65
During which week do the three basic components of the diaphragm fuse to form a complete partition between thoracic and abdominal cavities?
6th week
66
During which weeks do the lungs and pleural cavities enlarge and burrow into the body wall?
9th–12th weeks
67
What is the result of the lungs and pleural cavities enlarging and burrowing into the body wall during week 9-12?
The body wall splits into two layers: external and internal
68
The external layer of the body wall becomes what?
Part of the body wall
69
The internal layer of the body wall contributes what?
Muscles to peripheral portions of diaphragm, extending to the parts derived from the pleuroperitoneal membranes
70
In diaphragm development, in 4th week, septum transversum lie _____
Opposite the 3rd-5th cervical somites
71
What happens during the 5th week in the development of the diaphragm?
Myoblasts from 3rd-5th cervical somites move to the developing diaphragm, bringing their nerve fibers with them.
72
What causes the further descent of the diaphragm during development?
Rapid growth of the body of the embryo
73
In diaphragm development, in 6th week, what happens to diaphragm?
Diaphragm lies at the level of the thoracic somites
74
In diaphragm development, in 8th week, What happens to diaphragm?
Dorsal end of the diaphragm lie at the level of the first lumbar vertebra
75
When ___ happens, mesenchymal cells from the _____ extend into the other three parts of diaphragm, change into _____, and give rise to _____
When 4 parts of the diaphragm fuse; septum transversum; myoblasts; muscles of the diaphragm
76
What happens when the four parts of the diaphragm fuse?
Mesenchymal cells from the septum transversum extend into the other three parts, change into myoblasts, and give rise to the muscles of the diaphragm.
77
In diaphragm development, in 5th week, ____ move to the developing diaphragm
myoblasts from 3rd-5th cervical somites
78
What supplies all the muscles of the diaphragm?
Phrenic nerve
79
The phrenic nerve supplies all the muscles of the diaphragm and also provides what?
Sensory fibers to the diaphragm
80
Which part of the diaphragm is *not* supplied by the phrenic nerve sensory fibers?
The peripheral region derived from the body wall
81
Which nerves supply the peripheral region of the diaphragm?
Lower intercostal nerves
82
Part of the stomach pushes through the diaphragm into the chest cavity due to a large esophageal hiatus in ____
Congenital hiatal hernia
83
Which congenital anomaly occurs commonly through a posterolateral defect in diaphragm (abnormal opening in the diaphragm allowing abdominal organs into the chest cavity)?
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia
84
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia occurs mostly on ____ side
left side
85
What condition does congenital diaphragmatic hernia cause in the lung?
Left lung hypoplasia
86
Which condition occurs because of defective musculature in diaphragm (weakness or absence of diaphragm’s muscle tissue causing abnormal elevation)?
Eventration of diaphragm
87
During which week does the septum transversum lie opposite the 3rd–5th cervical somites?
4th Week
88
During which week do myoblasts from the 3rd–5th cervical somites move to the developing diaphragm?
5th Week
89
By which week does the diaphragm lie at the level of the thoracic somites?
6th Week
90
At the end of which week does the dorsal end of the diaphragm lie at the level of the first lumbar vertebra?
8th Week
91
______ cells from the septum transversum extend into the other parts and form diaphragm muscles.
Mesenchymal
92
*___ and ___ are the two sets of folds that help partition the embryonic coelom.
Pleuropericardial folds and pleuroperitoneal folds
93
Pericardial cavity comes to lie ventral to foregut in ____ folding
Cranial folding
94
During ______ folding, the limbs of the intraembryonic coelom are brought together on the ventral aspect of the embryo
Horizontal folding
95
_____ forms the pleuropericardial membranes
The inner layer of the mesenchyme split by expanding pleural cavities
96
Which common cardinal vein is larger?
Right common cardinal vein
97
Pleuropericardial membranes expand and move medially due to?
Growth and descent of the heart and expansion of the pleural cavities
98
The bronchial buds grow into the pericardioperitoneal canals from the ______ end of the trachea.
Caudal
99
The pleuropericardial membranes fuse with mesenchyme ventral to the esophagus by which week?
7th week
100
Pleuropericardial folds and pleuroperitoneal fold (cranial & caudal to developing lungs) are formed by?
growth of lung buds into pericardioperitoneal canals producing a pair of membranous ridges in the lateral wall of each canal
101
What happens to the pleuroperitoneal folds as the developing lung enlarges cranially and liver expands caudally?
They become more prominent and gradually become membranous
102
____ is the site where visceral peritoneum continues as parietal peritoneum.
Mesentery
103
During what week do the pleuroperitoneal membranes extend ventromedially and fuse with other structures?
6th week
104
Pleuroperitoneal membranes fuse with which two structures as they extend ventromedially in the 6th week?
Dorsal mesentery of the esophagus and The septum
105
After embryonic folding, the caudal part of the foregut is connected to the anterior abdominal wall by _____
Ventral mesentery
106
After embryonic folding, the caudal part of the foregut is connected to the posterior abdominal wall by ____
Dorsal mesentery
107
What suspends the midgut and hindgut in the peritoneal cavity from the posterior abdominal wall?
Dorsal mesentery
108
What happens to the ventral mesentery in the region of the future peritoneal cavity?
It degenerates
109
Double layer of peritoneum enclosing a mass of mesoderm is?
Mesentery
110
____ is a thick plate of mesodermal tissue located between the pericardial cavity and the yolk sac; ventral to the foregut and the pleuroperitoneal canals
Septum transversum
111
Which structures fuse with mesenchyme ventral to the esophagus?
Pleuropericardial membranes, Septum transversum
112
What event in diaphragm development occurs during the 6th week?
Fusion of pleuroperitoneal membranes, mesoesophagus, and septum transversum forming a complete partition between thoracic and abdominal cavities
113
The muscles to peripheral portions of diaphragm contributed by the internal layer of the body wall extend to ____
Parts derived from the pleuroperitoneal membranes
