Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Embryology > Spermatogenesis > Flashcards

Spermatogenesis Flashcards

(74 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Spermatogenesis is the sequence of events by which _____ are transformed into _____ in the _____

A

spermatogonia; mature spermatozoa; seminiferous epithelium of the testis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Spermatogenesis is the process of formation of mature spermatozoa from _____ which line the _____

A

male germ cells; seminiferous tubules of the testis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

When does spermatogenesis begin?

A

It begins at puberty and continues into old age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Sperm can be detected in the ____ of boys after the __ year of pubertal changes.

A

morning urine; 1st

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Fertility in boys is reached by __ years of age.

A

13

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Full fertility is attained in boys by __ years of age.

A

16

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the duration of each spermatogenesis cycle?

A

64–80 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The development stages are arranged from the ______ toward the ______ in the order of increasing maturity.

A

basal lamina; lumen of the seminiferous tubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

At birth, germ cells in the male infant present in the _____ are surrounded by _____.

A

sex cords of the testes; Sertoli cells (supporting cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When does PGC divide to give spermatogonia?

A

Spermatogonia is sha already present at birth, so let’s say before birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

List the order of development stages in the seminiferous tubules.

A

Spermatogonia (mitosis) → Primary spermatocytes (meiosis 1) → Secondary spermatocytes (meiosis II) → Spermatids (haploid) → Spermatozoa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where are the least mature germ cells located in the seminiferous tubules?

A

At the basal lamina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the origin of spermatogonia at birth?

A

Primordial germ cells divide to give spermatogonia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which phase of spermatogenesis involves mitotic proliferation? What cells undergo this stage and what is formed?

A

Spermatocytogenesis; Spermatogonia (2n) to form Primary spermatocytes (2n)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is produced during the meiotic phase of spermatogenesis?

A

Haploid gametes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does Meiosis I of primary spermatocytes produce?

A

Two secondary spermatocytes (n)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does Meiosis II of secondary spermatocytes produce?

A

Four haploid spermatids (immature sperm cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the metamorphosis of spermatids into spermatozoa called?

A

Spermiogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Shedding of spermatozoa (from Sertoli cells) into the lumen of the seminiferous tubule for transport is _____

A

Spermiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Final step of spermiogenesis is called ________.

A

Spermiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

List seven events of spermiogenesis.

A

Nucleus condenses, Flagellum develops, Spermatid elongates, Acrosome is formed from Golgi body, Mitochondria aggregate around the base of forming flagellum, Mitochondria fuse to form super-mitochondrion, Most of cytoplasm is shed and phagocytosed by Sertoli cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What organelle forms the acrosome in spermiogenesis?

A

Golgi body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What aggregates around the base of the forming flagellum in spermiogenesis?

A

Mitochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Spermatogonia (2n) undergo ______ to become 1° spermatocytes (2n). 1° spermatocytes undergo ______ to become 2° spermatocytes (n). 2° spermatocytes undergo ______ to become spermatids (n).

A

Mitosis; 1st Meiotic Division; 2nd Meiotic Division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Spermatids undergo ______ and ______ to become mature spermatozoa.
Spermiogenesis & Reduction of Cytoplasm
26
List seven outcomes of spermatogenesis.
Cell proliferation, Reduction in chromosome number, Genetic variation through meiosis, Maintenance of a reserve germ cell population, Shaping of the spermatids into spermatozoa, Spermatogenic cycle (about 64-80 days), Quantitating the effect of drugs, hormone, nutrition factors.
27
List seven functions of Sertoli cells.
Remove excess cytoplasm from developing spermatid, Move spermatids toward the lumen of the seminiferous tubules - ectoplasmic specializations, Nurture and mediate maturation of spermatids, Segregate groups of developing gametes, Secrete fluid to transport sperm in reproductive tract, Secrete hormones and other factors, Embryonic Anti-mullerian hormone
28
Another name for Sertoli cell is ______
Nurse cell or Sustentacular cell
29
Sertoli cells support, protect, nurture ______ and regulates ______
Germ cells; Spermatogenesis
30
What are the three hormones/factors secreted by Sertoli cells?
Inhibin, Estrogen, Androgen-Binding Protein
31
Which Sertoli cell secretion inhibits FSH production, inhibits GnRH production, promotes spermatogenesis?
Inhibin inhibits FSH prod, Estrogen inhibits GnRH prod, Antigen-Binding Protein (ABP) promotes spermatogenesis
32
Which structure contains enzymes that help penetrate the zona pellucida?
Acrosome
33
Four parts of a spermatozoon.
Head, Neck, Connecting piece or body, Tail
34
What are the major parts of a spermatozoon?
Head and tail
35
The ______ part of spermatozoon is covered with a cap-like saccular organelle containing enzymes which disperses _____ and penetrate _____ during fertilization.
Anterior 2/3rds; corona radiata; zona pellucida
36
What is the length of a spermatozoon?
About 50-60µ
37
Junction of head and tail in spermatozoon is ______
Neck
38
What are the three segments of spermatozoa tail and function of the tail?
Middle, principal, end-piece; The tail provides motility for the sperm to the site of fertilization
39
What part of the spermatozoon tail contain mitochondria that provide ATP for activity?
Middle piece
40
What gene is implicated in spermatogenesis?
Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma 2)
41
Which chromosome is essential for normal spermatogenesis?
Y chromosome
42
Microdeletions of which regions cause infertility?
Azoospermia factors a, b, c
43
Acrosome is rich in what enzyme?
Hyaluronidase
44
The head of a sperm contains ____ mainly.
Nuclear material
45
The cuff formed by mitochondria in a spermatozoon which provide energy for movement is ____
Midpiece
46
What is the structure and function of the spermatozoon tail’s microtubules?
2 central singlets surrounded by 9 doublets; generate sliding force for movement
47
Spermatozoa in the seminiferous tubules are not __ nor __.
Motile or fertile
48
When and where do spermatozoa acquire motility and fertility?
During passage through the epididymis; Epididymis
49
Where are spermatozoa mainly stored?
Ampulla of the vas deferens
50
Spermatozoa mix with alkaline secretions of the __ and __ during ejaculation.
Prostate and seminal vesicles
51
Where does spermatozoa mixes with alkaline secretions of the prostate and seminal vesicles?
Prostatic urethra
52
During ejaculation, spermatozoa pass from _____ to _____
Vas deferens to the prostatic urethra
53
Sperm are best motile in what kind of medium?
Alkaline
54
What is the speed of spermatozoa?
1–4 mm/min
55
How quickly can sperm be aspirated from the pouch of Douglas after insemination?
3 minutes to 1 hour
56
_____ minutes after coitus, the spermatozoa travel through the _____ and ____ with great rapidity such that spermatozoa can be aspirated from the _____ 3 minutes to 1 hour after artificial insemination.
30-60 minutes; uterine cavity and the fallopian tubes; pouch of Douglas
57
Give the path of sperm transport from testis to urethra.
Seminiferous tubules → epididymis → ductus deferens (vas deferens) → urethra
58
**Where does spermatocytogenesis occur?
In the basal compartment of the seminiferous tubules
59
**What regulates spermatocytogenesis?
Testosterone and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
60
Most of cytoplasm of spermatozoa in spermiogenesis is shed and phagocytosed by _____ via _____ processes
Sertoli cells; tubulobulbar processes
61
1st stage of formation of spermatozoa in which spermatogonia develop into spermatocytes and then to spermatids is _____
Spermacytogenesis
62
2nd stage in spermatozoa formation when spermatids transform into spermatozoa is _____
Spermiogenesis
63
Release of mature spermatozoa from Sertoli cells is _____
Spermiation
64
The process of spermatozoa formation, including both spermatocytogenesis and spermiogenesis is _____
Spermatogenesis
65
Spermatogeneis: _____ -> _____ -> _____ -> _______ -> ______ -> ______
PGC → Spermatogonia → 1° spermatocyte → 2° spermatocyte → spermatid (spermatocytogenesis) → spermatozoon (spermiogenesis)
66
______ + ______ = Spermatogenesis
Spermatocytogenesis + Spermiogenesis = Spermatogenesis
67
Which organelles are present in principal piece and end piece of spermatozoon respectively?
Microtubules in principal piece, Microfilament in end piece.
68
Two enzymes in acrosome? Where is acrosome formed from?
Acrosin, Hyaluronidase
69
Organelles per region of spermatozoon in acrosome, head, middle piece, principal piece and end piece?
Golgi apparatus (acrosome), DNA/Nuclear materials (Head), Mitochondria (Middle piece), Microtubules (Principal piece), Microfilament (End piece)
70
Seminalysis: Volume, pH, Count, Motility (%), Viscosity (liquefaction time), Morphology (abnormal forms limit)?
Volume = 2-5ml; pH = 7.2 - 7.8; Count = 40-200 million/ml; Motility = 60-85%; Liquefaction time = 15-30minutes; Abnormal forms limit = 25%
71
Minimum criteria for normal semen: Volume, count, motility, morphology (normal forms), cells?
Volume = 1.5ml; Count = 20 million/ml; Motility = 60%; Morphology = 60% normal forms; Cells = None
72
Which of the following is NOT a step involved in spermiogenesis prior to losing connection with Sertoli cells? a) Flagella lysis b) Condensation of nucleus c) Formation of neck region and tail d) Loss of cytoplasm e) Acrosome addition
Flagella lysis
73
Where does the process of sperm capacitation take place? a) Within the testes b) Within the male urethra c) Within the female genital tract d) Within the ovum e) Within the embryo
c) Within the female genital tract
74
In male gametogenesis, what is the role of Sertoli cells? a) Form junctional complex. b) Attach to basal lamina. c) Isolate gamete cells. d) Replicate Type A pale spermatogonia. e) Give rise to a population of Type B spermatogonia
c) Isolate gamete cells

Embryology (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions