Body Compartments And Drug Movement

Question 1

Compartments define:

Answer 1

Location, separated by physical barrier, usually refers to fluids

Question 2

Cavities define:

Answer 2

Space is that contain organ surrounded by a thin layer of fluid

Question 3

Pleura

Answer 3

Finley of tissue that covers the lungs and lines, the anterior wall of the chest cavity

Question 4

Mediastinum

Answer 4

space in your chest that holds your heart and other important structures

Question 5

Pericardium

Answer 5

Protective fluid filled sac that surrounds your heart and helps it function properly

Question 6

Peritoneum

Answer 6

Membrane a sheet of smooth tissue that lines, your abdominopelvic cavity and surrounds your abdominal organs

Question 7

Meninges

Answer 7

Serious membranes that protect the brain and spinal cord

Question 8

Lumen define:

Answer 8

Channels within hollow organs or tissues, filled with or lined by fluid

Question 9

Endothelial vs epithelial

Answer 9

Endothelial cells cover the blood vessel in a surface while epithelial cells cover outer surface of the internal organs in the body.

Question 10

Interstitial fluid define:

Answer 10

Fluid found in the spaces around cells, electrolytes to have leaked out of blood

Question 11

4 Main barriers

Answer 11

Lumen
Epithelium
Serous membrane
Lipid membrane

Question 12

Serous membrane define:

Answer 12

Sheet of cells connected by connective tissue That line is your body cavities.

Question 13

Epithelium classification:

Answer 13

Simple
Stratified ( multiple layers e.g skin is squamous stratified)
Gap junctions can be tight or loose

Question 14

Simple/stratified epithelium can be either?

Answer 14

Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar

Question 15

Paracellular movement

Answer 15

Drugs move between cells

Question 16

Transcellular movement

Answer 16

Drugs move through cells

Question 17

Drug molecules move around the body in two ways. How?

Answer 17

Bulk flow
Diffusion

Question 18

Factors affecting the rate of diffusion

Answer 18

Surface area to volume ratio
Thickness
Concentration gradient
Temperature
Particle size

Question 19

Lipid solubility is?

Answer 19

Partition coefficient between membrane and aqueous environment

Question 20

Diffusivity is?

Answer 20

Mobility of molecules within the lipid

Diffusion coefficient - Depends on particle size

Question 21

Ka

Answer 21

Acid dissociation constant

Question 22

Smaller the pKa= stronger/weaker acid?

Answer 22

Stronger the acid

Question 23

PKa value

Answer 23

-10log of Ka

Question 24

pKa value defined:

Answer 24

Is the hydrogen ion concentration (pH) at which 50% of the drug is ionised and 50% is un-ionised

Question 25

Ionised vs unionised : which diffuse across the membrane? And why?

Answer 25

Unionised drug = is lipid soluble so diffuses across the membrane

Question 26

How to trap a drug in body compartment?

Answer 26

Increase ionisation.

Question 27

Endogenous define:

Answer 27

Natural to the body

Question 28

Uniporter

Answer 28

Proteins that transport substrates across the cellular membrane by soley using chemical potential of the substrates as their driving force

Question 29

Antiporter

Answer 29

Transports 2 molecules at the same time in oppose directions

Question 30

Symporter

Answer 30

Proteins that simultaneously transport 2 molecules across a membrane in the same direction

Question 31

Organic cation transporters OCTs

Answer 31

Transport drugs that are weak bases

Question 32

Organic anion transporters OATs

Answer 32

Transport drugs that are weak acids

Question 33

OCTSs and OATs are examples of what transporters?

Answer 33

SLC carriers

Question 34

P-gp transporters are examples of what transporters?

Answer 34

Efflux pumps

Question 35

P- glycoprotein (P-gp) pumps??

Answer 35

Pumps many foreign substances out of cells: reduces drug concentration at treatment target, reducing efficacy

Question 36

P-gp function can be impaired by?

Answer 36

- drugs that block transporter function (causing drug interactions) - mutations that change transporter function

Question 37

Drug transporters in action : In the gut

Answer 37

P-gp stops the body from absorbing some drugs? Protective

Question 38

Drug transporters in action : In the brain

Answer 38

P-gp and OAT mostly move drugs out of the brain into the bloodstream

Question 39

Drug transporters in action : In the placenta

Answer 39

P-gp is protecting the fetas from drugs by pumping them into the maternal blood

Question 40

Drug transporters in action : In the liver

Answer 40

P-gp is the main transporter pumping drugs from the liver into bile for excretion

Question 41

Drug transporters in action : In the kidney

Answer 41

Anion and cation transporters extract drugs from the blood into the kidney cells. P-gp pump drugs from the cells into urine for excretion