ANS

Question 1

Two neuron system in ANS

Answer 1

Sympathetic and parasympathetic NS

Question 2

Structure of parasympathetic nerve

Answer 2

Long and lightly myelinated

Question 3

Cranial nerve X is also

Answer 3

Vagus nerve

Question 4

Cranial nerve x goes to?

Answer 4

Heart, kidneys, GI tract to colon

Question 5

Parasympathetic nerve leaves CNS from?

Answer 5

Cranial saccral

Question 6

Pre ganglionic fibre in parasympathetic nerve releases? and activates what receptor?

Answer 6

ACh
nicotinic ( ligand gated receptor)

Question 7

Post ganglionic fibre in parasympathetic nerve releases?

Answer 7

ACh

Question 8

Cranial nerve III

Answer 8

Oculomotor - goes to the eys

Question 9

Cranial nerve VII

Answer 9

Facial

Question 10

Structure of sympathetic nerve

Answer 10

Short and light myelinated

Question 11

Sympathetic nerve comes from?

Answer 11

Thoracic lumbar

Question 12

Post ganglionic fibre of sympathetic releases?

Answer 12

Noradrenaline

Question 13

What enzyme breaks down acetylcholine when released from presynaptic neuron?

Answer 13

Choline esterase

Question 14

Sweat grand is stimulated by what post ganglionic nerve? And what is the chemical released?

Answer 14

Sympathetic nerve, ACh is released

Question 15

Target receptors for sympathetic

Answer 15

Adrenoreceptors

Question 16

Target receptors for parasympathetic receptors

Answer 16

Muscarinic receptors

Question 17

Adrenoreceptor subtypes

Answer 17

Alpha 1 and 2, beta 1,2 and 3

Question 18

Muscarinic receptor subtypes

Answer 18

M1-M5

Question 19

All beta 1,2,3 receptors are linked to what type of G protein coupled receptors?

Answer 19

G alpha S coupled

Question 20

Alpha 1 adrenoreceptor is linked to what G protein coupled receptor?,

Answer 20

G alpha q linked

Question 21

Alpha 2 adrenoreceptor is linked to what G protein coupled receptor?

Answer 21

G alpha i

Question 22

Faster heart rate and more forceful contraction is what response? What receptor is involved?

Answer 22

Sympathetic response, NA binds to beta 1 adrenoreceptor
G ALPHA S linked
Increases cAMP= Direct stimulation of ‘pacemaker’ ion channels
Activated Protein Kinase A= increased calcium release/ influx and potassium channel activation

Question 23

Smooth muscle contraction and artery narrowing is what response? What receptor is involved?

Answer 23

Sympathetic response, NA is released and binds to alpha l adrenoreceptor
G Alpha q linked
results in increased Ca2+ release and influx = smooth muscle contraction

Question 24

Radial smooth muscle contraction and pupil widening is what response? What receptor is involved?

Answer 24

Sympathetic response, NA is released and binds to Alpha 1 adrenoceptor
G Alpha linked

Question 25

Smooth muscle relaxation, airway widening, bladder filling, artery widening is what response? What receptor is involved?

Answer 25

Sympathetic response, NA binds to beta 2 adrenoceptor G Alpha S linked Protein Kinase A activated-= potassium channel activation +inhibition of GO mechanism in sm contraction

Question 26

Breakdown of glycogen, inhibition of glycogen formation, breakdown of lips is what response? What receptor is involved?

Answer 26

Sympathetic response, NA is released and binds to beta 2/3 adrenoceptor

Question 27

Reduction of transmitter release from sympathetic nerves is what response? What receptor is involved?

Answer 27

Sympathetic response, NA is released binds to alpha 2 adrenoreceptor

Question 28

ANS is the connection between?

Answer 28

CNS and peripheral organs (everything excluding brain & spinal cord)

Question 29

pre ganglionic fibre of sympathetic releases?

Answer 29

acetylcholine

Question 30

in early alzeheimer's there is AcH deficit, so what type of drugs may be given to help? mechansim

Answer 30

drugs that inhibit choline esterase

Question 31

formation of adrenaline

Answer 31

tyrosine --- Dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) --- dopamine --- Noradrenaline --- adrenaline

Question 32

enzyme involved in Dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) --- dopamine

Answer 32

DOPA decarboxylase

Question 33

Non-adrenergic non-cholinergic (NANC) transmitters are?

Answer 33

part of the ANS which does not use ACh or Na as transmitters / mot inhibited by adrenergic or cholinergic blockade

Question 34

Non-adrenergic non-cholinergic (NANC) transmitters: examples

Answer 34

ATP / neuropeptide Y (NPY) : Post-ganglionic sympathetic neurone = vasoconstriction Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) : Salivary glands or bronchial smooth muscle = dilatation Nitric oxide (NO) : Parasympathetic pelvic nerves = erection

Question 35

ATP / neuropeptide Y (NPY)

Answer 35

Post-ganglionic sympathetic neurone = vasoconstriction

Question 36

Post-ganglionic sympathetic nerve going to the sweat gland releases?

Answer 36

ACh

Question 37

beta adrenoceptors on the cardiac muscle cell cause?

Answer 37

contraction

Question 38

beta adrenoceptors on the smooth muscle cell cause?

Answer 38

relaxation

Question 39

M1+ M3+ M5 muscarinic receptor is linked to what G protein?

Answer 39

g alpha q

Question 40

M2 and M4 muscarinic receptor is linked to what G protein?

Answer 40

G Alpha i

Question 41

Parasympathetic response for: lower HR and less forceful contraction

Answer 41

vagus nerve releases ACh , binds to M2 decreased cAMP= less stimulation of 'pacemaker' ion channels reduced Protein Kinase A= reduced calcium release and influx

Question 42

parasympathetic response for: bladder + GI tract + Airway + iris radial muscle CONTRACTION

Answer 42

parasympathetic nerve releases ACh, binds to M3 = G Alpha q LINKED INCREASED Ca2+ release and influx = sm contraction

Question 43

parasympathetic response for: increased gland secretion + tears

Answer 43

PS nerve releases ACh= binds to M1/ M3= G Alpha q linked increased Ca2+ release and influx results in secretion

Question 44

parasympathetic response for secretion results in increased?

Answer 44

sweat production, saliva, gut acid, airway mucus, tears

Question 45

parasympathetic response for: artery widening via endothelium

Answer 45

Ach binds to M3 cholinonoceptor on endothelium= Gaq linked increased Ca2+ release= increased NO synthase = NO