Body Fluid Compartments

Question 1

What is needed to calculate the osmolarity

Answer 1

Molar conc and num of osmotic active particle

Question 2

What is osmolality

Answer 2

Has units of osmoles/kg of water

Question 3

What is tonicity

Answer 3

Related to its effect on cell volume

Question 4

What is isotonic

Answer 4

Same cell would have no change in cell vol

Question 5

Hypotonic

Answer 5

More

Solution causes an increase in cell vol as water enters the cell could lead to burst or lysis of cell

Question 6

Hypertonic

Answer 6

Less

Solution causes a decrease in cell volume as water leaves the cell

Question 7

Why does the total body water differ in make and females

Answer 7

Woman have more fatty tissue threef ore less lean tissue and less water

Question 8

What are the two water compartments of the total body water

Answer 8

Intracellular - 67%

Extra cellular -33%

Question 9

What does extracellular fluid includes

Answer 9

Plasma - 20%

Interstitial fluid -80%,

Question 10

What is used to determine the volume of specific fluid compartments

Answer 10

Tracers 
Used in:
Tbw --> titrated water 
Ecf --> inulin 
Plasma --> labelelled albumin

Question 11

How is the volume of water calc in container

Answer 11

V(litres) = dose/sample concentration

Question 12

What is insensible loss.

Answer 12

Uncontrollable occurs without realisation
Skin
Lungs

Question 13

What is sensible loss

Answer 13

Can realise is loss
Sweat
Urine
Faeces

Question 14

What is the ionic composition of sodium in the ICF -

And ECF

Answer 14

ICF - 10mM

ECF - 140mM

Question 15

What is the ionic composition of pottasium in the ICF -

And ECF

Answer 15

ICF - 140mM

ECF - 4.5mM

Question 16

What is the ionic composition of chooride in the ICF -

And ECF

Answer 16

ICF - 7mM

ECF - 115mM

Question 17

What is the ionic composition of bicarbonate in the ICF -

And ECF

Answer 17

ICF - 10mM

ECF - 28mM

Question 18

What are the separating membranes between the plasma, interstitial fluid, intracellular fluid

Answer 18

Between plasma and interstitial fluid –> capillary wall

Between interstitial fluid and intracellular fluid –> plasma mem

Question 19

What is a fluid shift

Answer 19

Movement of water between ICF and ECF in repsonse to an osmotic gradient

Question 20

What does the gain or loss of water do to fluid homeostasis

Answer 20

Change in fluid osmolarity similar changes in ICF and ECF volumes

Question 21

What dos gain or loss of Nacl do to the fluid homeostasis

Answer 21

Change in osmolarity
(a) sodium excluded from ICF
(b) osmotic water movements
These two factors combine to produce opposite changes in ICF and ECF

Question 22

What does gain or loss of isotonic fluid do to the fluid homeostasis

Answer 22

No change in fluid osmolarity change in ECF volume only

Question 23

What does the kidneys do to the ECF

Answer 23

Alter composition and volume which affects blood pressure

Question 24

What do electrolytes do in solution

Answer 24

Dissociate into free ions in solution.

Question 25

Why is it port any to maintain electrolyte balance

Answer 25

Total electrolyte concs can directly affect water balance | The concs of individual electrolytes can affect cell functions

Question 26

Why are sodium and pottasium particularly important

Answer 26

Major contributors to osmotic concentrations of ECF and ICF | Directly affect functioning of all cells

Question 27

What is the balance of sodium in the ECF represent a balance between what two factors

Answer 27

Input of sodium form diet and output excreted in urine

Question 28

Sodium is present where which means what

Answer 28

Mainly present in ECF meaning it is a major determinant of ECF volume

Question 29

Why is minor fluctuations of pottasium bad for the cell

Answer 29

Pottasium is imp to establish resting membrane potential in cells and resting membrane potential

Question 30

If there are leakages of pottasium or increased cellular uptake what does this lead to

Answer 30

Weakness of muscles - paralysis | Cardiac irregularities - cardiac arrest

Question 31

What is osmolarity

Answer 31

Concentration of osmotically active particles present in solution