Body tissue organisation Flashcards
State the function of the following organelles;
- Nucleus
- Rough endoplasmic reticulum
- Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
- Mitochondria
- Golgi complex
- Cytoskeleton
- Membrane
- Contains genetic info
- Site of protein synthesis
- Metabolises toxins and calcium store
- Provides energy
- Processed newly made proteins and transports them to their destination in the cell
- Provides strength and rigidity to the cell
- Encloses the cell
Give 3 extensions of the cell surface and give their purposes
- Microvilli|: increases SA to faster absorption
- Cilia; motility (propels mucus)
- Flagella; motility, much larger than cilia (tail of sperm)
Briefly describe the structure of the plasma membrane and give 3 functions.
Phosphate head (hydrophilic) faces out and fatty acid tails (hydrophobic) face in.
- Defines cell boundaries
- Governs interactions with other cells
- Controls passage of materials in and out of the cell
List the 5 types of plasma membrane transport
- Diffusion
- Osmosis
- Facilitated diffusion(transport) ; primary and secondary
- Facilitated diffusion (channel)
- Endocytosis and exocytosis
Briefly describe endocytosis and exocytosis
Movement of large particles across the membrane, contained in membrane vesicles.
Endo = moves into the cell
Exo = material removed from the cytoplasm
Briefly describe diffusion and give 5 factors it is affected by
Movement of non-charged particles from an area of high conc to an area of low conc.
- Temperature
- Partical size
- Steepness of conc gradient
- Membrane surface area
- Membrane permability
Briefly describe osmosis
Movement of water down its conc gradient, through a partially permeable membrane
Briefly describe facilitated diffusion by channel
Channel proteins transport only water or certain ions across the membrane. They form a protein-lined passageway across the membrane
Briefly describe facilitated diffusion by transporter
Molecules bind to a transporter (membrane protein) and are carried into the cell.
Briefly describe the primary active transport for facilitated diffusion by transporter
Substances bind to a protein transporter and are carried into the cell against a conc gradient. ATP is required for energy. ATP –> ADP + P + energy
Briefly describe the secondary active transport for facilitated diffusion by transporter
Substances bind to a protein transporter and uses an electrochemical gradient produced by active transport elsewhere.
Describe the breakdown of organisation in the body
Whole person Body systems Organs Tissues Cells Organelles Molecules Atoms
Give the 4 primary tissue classes
- Epithelial
- Connective
- Nervous
- Muscular
Briefly describe the 2 types of epithelium
- Simple
One layer of flattened cells - Stratified
Two or more layers
Give the 3 main components of connective tissue
- Ground substance
- Cells (blast cells, clast cells and cyte cells)
- Fibres (collagen and elastin)
