Boens

Question 1

Bone tissue

Answer 1

The primary connective tissue of the skeleton

Question 2

Where do Osteocytes live

Answer 2

Spaces called lacunae

Question 3

Ligaments

Answer 3

Attach bones to bones at joints

Question 4

Hyaline cartilage

Answer 4

Found in the embryonic skeleton, on the ends of bones at joints, in growth plates of long bones, in the ribcage, and in the nose

Question 5

Fibrocartilage

Answer 5

Forms intervertebral discs between vertebrae

Question 6

Chondrocytes

Answer 6

Scattered among dense bundles of collagen fibers within the extracellular matrix

Question 7

Extracellular matrix

Answer 7

15% water, 55% crystallized mineral salts, 30% collagen fibers

Question 7

Bone tissue

Answer 7

Is connective tissue, is vascular and is innervated

Question 8

Bone tissue may be categorized as:

Answer 8

Compact bone and Spongy bone

Question 9

Compact bone

Answer 9

Solid bone found at the surface, consists of repeating column-shaped structural units called osteons

Question 10

Osteons

Answer 10

Consist of a central (haversian) canal surrounded by concentrically arranged extracellular matrix lacunae, osteocytes, and canaliculi

Question 11

Perforating canals

Answer 11

penetrate deep into the compact bone from the outside of the bone, connect with central canals that run lengthwise in the compact bone

Question 12

Concentric lamellae

Answer 12

Arranged like the growth rings of a tree trunk,

Question 13

Between the lamellae are small spaces called

Answer 13

Lacunae

Question 14

Canaliculi

Answer 14

Connect lacunae with the central canal, forming a system of interconnected canals

Question 15

Gap junctions

Answer 15

Connect neighboring osteocytes via tiny fluid-filled protein tunnels

Question 16

Spongy bone

Answer 16

deep to the compact bone tissue, has a spongy appearance, and gives the bone strength without added weight

Question 17

Trabeculae

Answer 17

spongy bone is arranged in a latticework of thin columns and beams

Question 18

Hemopoiesis

Answer 18

occurs in the red bone marrow of spongy bone

Question 19

Diaphysis

Answer 19

The long shaft of a long bone contains the medullary cavity, which contains yellow bone marrow and blood vessels

Question 20

Epiphysis

Answer 20

Ends of the long bone: proximal and distal epiphyses

Question 21

Articular cartilage

Answer 21

is the hyaline cartilage that covers the ends of the epiphyses

Question 22

Metaphysis

Answer 22

the region between the epiphysis and diaphysis on each end of a long bone

Question 23

Epiphyseal line

Answer 23

The cartilage in the epiphyseal growth plate is replaced with bone at 18-21 years of age and becomes the epiphyseal line

Question 24

Arteries

Answer 24

Supply oxygen and nutrients to the periosteum and bone

Question 25

Veins

Answer 25

Carry blood and waste away

Question 26

Periosteum

Answer 26

A tough membrane that covers the bone

Question 27

The outer fibrous layer of the periosteum

Answer 27

made of dense irregular connective tissue

Question 28

Inner osteogenic layer

Answer 28

contains cells involved in bone growth and breakdown

Question 29

Endosteum

Answer 29

A membrane that covers the bone surface on the inside wall of the medullary cavity and on the surface of spongy bone

Question 30

What are the 3 types of cells that are present in the endosteum and inner osteogenic layer of the periosteum

Answer 30

Osteogenic cells, osteoblasts, osteoclasts

Question 31

Osteogenic cells

Answer 31

are bone stem cells that develop from the mesenchymal cells remain in the periosteum and endosteum, undergo cell division, and develop into osteoblasts

Question 32

Osteoblasts

Answer 32

Bone-building cells

Question 33

Calcification

Answer 33

Initiated by the osteoblasts

Question 34

Osteoclasts

Answer 34

release H+ ions and enzymes that break down the bone matrix

Question 35

Ossification

Answer 35

The process by which bone forms: Formation of bone in an embryo, Growth of bones during childhood, remodeling of bone, repair of fractures

Question 36

Intramembranous ossification

Answer 36

flat bones of the skull and the mandible are formed in this way, mesenchyme membranes are converted to bone

Question 37

Endochondral ossification

Answer 37

The replacement of cartilage by bone

Question 38

Fontanels

Answer 38

remain between the bones of the skull at birth, the larger spaces between the infant’s cranial bones

Question 39

Endochondral ossigication