Exam 2

Question 1

Tissue

Answer 1

A community of cells surrounded by tissue fluid and other materials

Question 2

Histology

Answer 2

The scientific study of tissues

Question 3

Pathologists

Answer 3

Medical doctors who specialize in the causes and effects of disease and injury and use laboratory study of cells and tissues from biopsies from medical diagnosis

Question 4

Epithelial tissue

Answer 4

Covers the body surfaces and organs; lines hollow structures; forms glands

Question 5

Connective tissue

Answer 5

Protects, supports, and binds organs together

Question 6

Muscle tissue

Answer 6

Responsible for movement

Question 7

Nervous tissue

Answer 7

Senses change inside and outside the body and respond by generating nerve impulses that control movement and other processes

Question 8

Skeletal muscle tissue

Answer 8

A voluntary muscle that moves the body; important in facial expression, maintaining posture and speech, and breathing movements

Question 9

Cardiac muscle tissue

Answer 9

An involuntary muscle found in the heart wall; contracts to create the heartbeat and pump blood through the blood vessels

Question 10

Smooth muscle tissue

Answer 10

An involuntary muscle; constricts and dilates blood vessels and airways and creates movement in digestive, urinary, and other hollow organs

Question 11

Nervous tissue

Answer 11

Makes up your brain, spinal cord, and nerves it contains nerve cells called neurons that generate electrical nerve impulses to sense and respond to stimuli, and to control muscle contractions and other processes.

Question 12

Covering and lining epithelium

Answer 12

Forms the outer covering of the skin and many internal organs, Lines inside walls of body cavities, hollow organs, blood vessels, and ducts of glands

Question 13

Glandular epithelium

Answer 13

Forms the secretory portion of the glands

Question 14

What are the major functions of epithelial tissues?

Answer 14

Selective barrier that regulates the movement of materials in and out of the body, protection against abrasion and bacterial invasion, gas exchange, absorption, filtration, and secretion of substances onto a body surface into an organ or into a duct of a gland

Question 15

Epithelial tissue

Answer 15

Consists of cells arranged in continuous sheets, in either a single layer of cells or multiple layers of cells, closely packed together

Question 16

Interstitial fluid

Answer 16

in epithelial tissue, it’s in the space that surrounds the cells

Question 17

Apical surface

Answer 17

Faces the outside of the body, or faces the inside of a body cavity or the lumen of an organ, blood vessel, or duct

Question 18

Lateral surfaces

Answer 18

Faces adjacent cells contain cell junctions that hold cells together

Question 19

Basal surface

Answer 19

Located at the bottom of the epithelial tissue attached to the basement membrane

Question 20

Where does the epithelium sit

Answer 20

A foundation of connective tissue

Question 21

Basement membrane

Answer 21

A thin extracellular protein layer that attaches the epithelium to the underlying connective tissue

Question 22

Cell junctions

Answer 22

The contact point between the plasma membranes of cells within a tissue made of proteins or glycoproteins

Question 23

Capillaries

Answer 23

Tiny blood vessels in the underlying vascular connective tissue

Question 24

How are epitheliums classified?

Answer 24

The number of cell layers and the shape of the cell

Question 25

Simple epithelium

Answer 25

A single layer of cells that function in diffusion, osmosis, filtration, secretion, or absorption

Question 26

Stratified epithelium

Answer 26

Two or more layers of cells that protect underlying tissues in areas of physical or chemical abrasion

Question 27

Squamous cells

Answer 27

Thin, nearly flat cells, arranged like floor tiles; flattened disk-shaped nucleus; allow for rapid passage of substances - diffusion, gas exchange, filtration

Question 28

Cuboidal cells

Answer 28

As tall as they are wide, shaped like cubes, spherical nucleus

Question 29

Columnar cells

Answer 29

Much taller than they are wide, like columns; may have cilia or microvilli on the apical surface

Question 30

Secretion

Answer 30

The production and release of a useful substance by the cell

Question 31

Absorption

Answer 31

The uptake of useful substances by a cell

Question 32

Filtration

Answer 32

The movement of a fluid through a filter to produce a filtrate

Question 33

Simple cuboidal epithelium

Answer 33

Found in tubules of the kidneys and ducts of the pancreas functions in secretion and absorption; used for re-absorption of water salts and nutrients from filtrate in the tubules of the kidneys

Question 34

Ciliated simple columnar epithelium

Answer 34

In the fallopian tubes

Question 35

Cilia

Answer 35

Helps move the ovulated egg toward the uterus

Question 36

Goblet cells

Answer 36

Produce mucus which keeps the epithelium and the egg moist

Question 37

Non-ciliated simple columnar epithelium

Answer 37

No cilia on the apical surface - but there are microvilli on the apical surface that increase surface area for the absorption of nutrients in the small intestines

Question 38

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Answer 38

It appears to have several layers due to nuclei at various depths - but it is only a single layer of epithelial cells

Question 39

Stratified epithelium

Answer 39

consists of two or more layers of epithelial cells