Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Anatomy > Exam 222 > Flashcards

Exam 222 Flashcards

(169 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Tissue

A

A community of cells surrounded by tissue fluid and other materials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Histology

A

The scientific study of tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Pathologists

A

Medical doctors who specialize in the causes and effects of disease and injury and use laboratory study of cells and tissues from biopsies from medical diagnosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

Covers the body surfaces and organs; lines hollow structures; forms glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Connective tissue

A

Protects, supports, and binds organs together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Muscle tissue

A

Responsible for movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Nervous tissue

A

Senses change inside and outside the body and respond by generating nerve impulses that control movement and other processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Skeletal muscle tissue

A

A voluntary muscle that moves the body; an important in facial expression, maintaining posture and speech, and breathing movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cardiac muscle tissue

A

An involuntary muscle found in the heart wall; contracts to create the heartbeat and pump blood through the blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Smooth muscle tissue

A

An involuntary muscle; constricts and dilates blood vessels and airways and creates movement in digestive, urinary, and other hollow organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Nervous tissue

A

Makes up your brain, spinal cord, and nerves it contains nerve cells called neurons that generate electrical nerve impulses to sense and respond to stimuli, and to control muscle contractions and other processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Covering and lining epithelium

A

Forms the outer covering of the skin and many internal organs, lines inside walls of body cavities, hollow organs, blood vessels, and ducts of glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Glandular epithelium

A

Forms the secretory portion of the glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the major functions of epithelial tissues?

A

Selective barrier that regulates the movement of materials in and out of the body, protection against abrasion and bacterial invasion, gas exchange absorption, filtration, and secretion of substances onto a body surface into an organ or into a duct of a gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

Consists of cells arranged in continuous sheets, in either a single layer of cells or multiple layers of cells, closely packed together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Interstitial fluid

A

In epithelial tissue, it’s in the space that surrounds the cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Apical surface

A

Faces the outside of the body, or faces the inside of a body cavity or the lumen of the organ, blood vessel, or duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Lateral surfaces

A

Faces adjacent cells contain cell junctions that hold cells together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Basal surface

A

Located at the bottom of the epithelial tissue attached to the basement membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Where does the epithelium sit

A

A foundation of connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Basement membrane

A

A thin extracellular protein layer that attaches the epithelium to the underlying connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Cell junctions

A

The contact point between the plasma membranes of cells within a tissue made of proteins or glycoproteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Capillaries

A

Tiny blood vessels in the underlying vascular connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How are epitheliums classified

A

The number of cell layers and the shape of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Simple epithelium
A single layer os cells that function diffusion, osmosis, filtration, secretion, or absorption
26
Stratified epithelium
Two or more layers of cells that protect underlying tissues in areas of physical or chemical abrasion
27
Squamous cells
Thin, nearly flat cells, arranged like floor tiles, flattened disk-shaped nuclei; allow for rapid passage of substances - diffusion, gas exchange, filtration
28
Cuboidal cells
As tall as they are wide, shaped like cubes, spherical nucleus
29
Columnar cells
Much taller than they are wide, like columns; may have cilia or microvilli on the apical surface
30
Secretion
The production and release of a useful substance by the cell
31
Absorption
The uptake of useful substances by a cell
32
Filtration
The movement of a fluid through a filter to produce a filtrate
33
Simple cuboidal epithelium
Found in tubules of the kidneys and ducts of the pancreas functions in secretion and absorption; used for re-absorption of water salts and nutrients from filtrate in the tubules of the kidneys
34
Ciliated simple columnar epithelium
In the fallopian tubes
35
Cilia
Helps move the ovulated egg toward the uterus
36
Goblet cells
Produce mucus which keeps the epithelium and the egg moist
37
Non-ciliated simple columnar epithelium
No cilia on the apical surface - but there are microvilli on the apical surface that increase surface area for the absorption of nutrients in the small intestines
38
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
It appears to have several layers due to nuclei at various depths - but it is only a single layer of epithelial cells
39
Stratified epithelium
Consists of two or more layers of epithelial cells
40
Stratified squamous epithelium
Consists of several layers of cells that are flat layers, found in high abrasion areas of the body
41
Keratinized
The stratified squamous epithelium contains the fibrous, tough protein
42
Non-keratinized
Stratified squamous epithelium does not contain keratin protein
43
Stratified cuboidal epithelium
Is an uncommon type of epithelium; protects deeper tissues from glandular secretion in ducts
44
Stratified columnar epithelium
very uncommon, functions in protection
45
Transitional epithelium
Found only in the urinary system
46
Glandular epithelium
Makes up the secretory tissue of glands
47
Exocrine glands
Secrete their products into ducts
48
Endocrine glands
Ductless glands secrete hormones into the bloodstream, hormones are chemical messengers that alter the physiology of their target cells
49
Connective tissue
Is the most abundant and widely distributed tissue in the body
50
Functions of connective tissue
Binds tissues together, supports and strengthens tissues and organs, protects internal organs, insulates internal organs from head loss and provides energy reserves for compartmentalized structures and organs, transports substances, Immune response
51
Extracellular matrix
The material located between cells in the connective tissue
52
Ground substance
The component of extracellular matrix that surround the cells and protein fibers in the tissue
53
Hyaluronic acid
A viscous, slippery substance found in many connective tissues, as well as inside the eyeball and in joints
54
Chondroitin sulfate
A rubbery substance that provides support in cartilage
55
What are the 3 types of protein fibers?
Collagen, Elastic, Reticular
56
Collagen Fibers
Contains collagen protein, collagen is strong and found in most collective tissues, often found in collagen bundles
57
Elastic fibers
Called yellow fibers 0 a high concentration of elastic gibers gives connective tissues a yellow color, provide stretch and elasticity to tissues
58
Reticular fibers
Forms a fine, branching network of collagen fibers, gives support and strength to soft connective tissues
59
Embryonic connective tissue
Mesenchyme, mucous connective tissue
60
Mature connective tissue
Loose connective tissues, Dense connective tissues, cartilage, bone tissue, liquid connective tissues
61
Mesenchymal cell
embryonic connective tissue stem cell
62
Mesenchyme
Embryonic connective tissue stem cells
63
Reticular fiber
In the mesenchyme provides support to the tissue
64
Areolar connective tissue
One of the most widely distributed connective tissues in the body
65
Fibroblasts
The most common cell type in the areolar connective tissue, secretes protein fibers and components of ground substance in the connective tissue matrix
66
Macrophages
Large white blood cells that engulf bacteria and cellular debris by phagocytic
67
Dense regular connective tissue
forms strong attachment structures; tendons and most ligaments
67
Elastic connective tissue
Contains sheets of elastic fibers
68
Cartilage
A dense network of collagen or elastic fibers firmly embedded in a rubbery ground substance
69
Hyaline cartilage
The most abundant cartilage in the body, is avascular
70
Osteocytes
Bone cells that are in lacunae in the bone
71
Bone tissue
Is vascular and has a nerve supply found in tiny canals in the bone
72
Blood tissue
Fluid connective tissues with liquid extracellular matrix called blood plasma
73
White blood cells
Fight disease
74
Red blood cells
Carry oxygen
75
Platelets
Function in blood clotting
76
Lymph
Excess fluid from tissues is absorbed into lymphatic vessels and eventually returned to the bloodstream
77
Membranes
Flat sheets of pliable tissues that cover or line a part of the body
78
Epithelial membranes
A combination of the epithelial layer and an underlying connective tissue layer
79
Synovial membrane
Lines joints and contains connective tissue but not epithelium
80
Mucous membranes
Line the body cavities that open at some point to the outside
81
Serous membranes
Line the body cavities that do not open to the outside
82
Parietal
Serous membrane lines cavities around the lungs and heart, and lines the abdominal cavity
83
Visceral
The serous membrane covers the organs that lie within the chest and abdominal cavities
84
Supine position
The body lying face up
85
Prone position
The body lying face down
86
Anatomical terms
Cephalic, Cervical, Trunk, upper limbs, lower limbs, acromial, and pectoral
87
Cephalic
Head
88
Cervical
Neck
89
Trunk
Chest, abdomen, and pelvis
90
Upper limbs
Shoulder, armpit, arm, and hands
91
Lower limbs
Buttocks, hip, thigh, leg, ankle, and foot
92
Acromial
The top of the shoulder
93
Pectoral
Anterior chest
94
Anterior
Front
95
Posterior
Back
96
Superior
Above
97
Inferior
Below
98
Midline
An imaginary line that divides the body into equal right and left sides
99
Medial
Closer to the midline
100
Lateral
Farther from the midline
101
Proximal
Nearer to the attachment of a limb to the trunk
102
Distal
Farther from the attachment of a limb to the trunk
103
Superficial
Closer to the surface of the body
104
Deep
Deeper inside the body
105
Intermediate
Between two structures
106
Ipsilateral
On the same side of the body
107
Contralateral
On the opposite sides of the body
108
Sagittal plane
A vertical plane that divides the body into right and left sides
109
Midsagittal plane
Divide the body or organ into equal right and left sides
110
Parasagittal plane
Divide the body or organ into unequal right and left sides
111
front or coronal plane
Divides the body or organ into anterior and posterior
112
Transverse or horizontal plane
Divides the body or an organ into superior and inferior portions
113
Cranial cavity
Surrounded by the cranial bones
114
115
Vertebral canal
Surrounded by cranial bones
116
Thoracic cavity
Is also called the chest cavity
117
Diaphragm
A dome-shaped muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity
118
What are the 3 cavities in the thoracic cavity?
Pleural, mediastinum, and pericardial
119
Pleural cavities
The lungs fill up most of these spaces
120
Mediastinum
Medial to the lungs contains a pericardial cavity
121
Pericardial cavity
Located within the mediastinum, the heart fills up most of the pericardial cavity space
122
Abdominopelvic cavity
The cavity inferior to the diaphragm
123
Serous membrane
A thin slippery membrane covers the viscera and lines the cavity's walls
124
Peritoneal cavity
The cavity surrounded by the parietal peritoneum
125
Synovial cavities
Cavity in moveable joints
126
Synovial cavities
Cavity in moveable joints
127
Cranial
Head
128
Facial
Face
129
Cephalic
Head
130
Frontal
Forehead
131
Temporal
Temple
132
Orbital or ocular
Eye
133
Otic
Ear
134
Buccal
Cheek
135
Nasal
Nose
136
Oral
Mouth
137
Mental
Chin
138
Cervical
Neck
139
Thoracic
Chest
140
Sternal
Breastbone
141
Pectoral
Chest
142
Mammory
Breast
143
Abdominal
Abdomen
144
Umbilical
Navel
145
Coxal
Hip
146
Pelvic
Pelvis
147
Inguinal
Groin
148
Scapular
Shoulder Blade
149
Vertebral
Spinal column
150
Olecranal or cubital
Back of elbow
151
Sacral
Between hips
152
Dorsal
back
153
Loin
Lumbar
154
Axillary
Armpit
155
Brachial
Arm
156
antecubital
Front of elbow
157
Antebrachial
forearm
158
Carpal
Wrist
159
Palmer or volar
Palm
160
Phalangeal
Fingers
161
Manual
Hand
162
Pollex
Thumb
163
Femoral
Thigh
164
Patellar
Anterior surface of the kneePu
165
Pubic
Pubis
166
Gluteal
Buttock
167
Popliteal
Hollow behind the knee
168

Anatomy (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions