Boli pulmonare Flashcards

1
Q

Bronsita capilara/ Bronsiolita

A

etiologie: virusul sincitial respirator
cianoza, stare generala grava, dispnee intensa, tuse seaca
ExO: MV accentuat cu expir prelungit, raluri bronsice si bronhoalveolare subcrepitante
Radio: desen interstitial pulmonar accentuat

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2
Q

Bronsita cronica

A

infl. cronica a mucoasei bronsice, cel putin 3 luni/an, 2 ani consecutiv
cauze: fumat, poluarea aerului, profesie, infectii(rinovirusuri), factori familiali si genetici
Bronsita c. simpla si mucopurulenta au sputa mucoasa, respectiv mucopurulenta( simptome)
Bronsita c. obstructiva intermitenta si permanenta(BPOC) dispnee expiratorie

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3
Q

Emfizem pulmonar

A

S: dispnee de efort, in cazuri severe- dispnee in repaus si ortopnee
tuse cu expectoratie( emfizem pulm obstructiv)

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4
Q

Astmul bronsic- Definitie

A

inflamatie cronica a cailor respiratorii, cu implicarea numeroaselor tpuri de celule
inflamatia determina episoade recurente de wheezing, dispnee, tuse si constrictie toracica

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5
Q

Astmul bronsic- Patogenie

A

Factori cauzali: alergoalergeni, sensibilizanti profesionali, aspirina si AINS
Factori predispozanti: atopie
Factori adjuvanti: expunere la fumul de tigara, poluantii aerieni, infectii virale si obezitate

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6
Q

Astm bronsic alergic

A
  • declansat de contactul cu alergeni specifici
  • intervin mediatori chimici ai infl. alergice histamina eliberata din mastocite
  • debuteaza precoce(copilarie, adulti tineri)
  • persoane cu antecedente alergice familiale sau personale( urticarie, rinita alergica, eczeme etc)
  • teste cutanate poz la alergeni, IgE crescute
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7
Q

Astm bronsic non-alergic

A
  • mecanism neclar
  • declansat de diversi factori iritativi
  • intervin mediatori chimici ai infl. non-alergice: serotonina, tromboxani, prostaglandine, endoperoxidaze
  • debuteaza tardiv( >40 ani)
  • apare la persoane fara antecedente alergice famil. sau personale
  • teste cutanate neg. la alergeni, IgE normale
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8
Q

Astm bronsic- Manifestari

A
  • dispnee severa cu ortopnee si bradipnee
  • tuse uscata, iritativa ( la inceputul crizei) si mucoasa (la sfarsit)
  • wheezing
  • durata de la 15 minute la 2 ore, cedeaza spontan sau cu bronhodilat.
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9
Q

Starea de rau astmatic

A

criza severa si prelungita> 24 h, NU raspunde la tratament si se complica cu insuf resp acuta
CAUZE: infectii severe, abuz de simpaticomimetice, medicamente care deprima centrii resp(opiacee, barbiturice)
MANIFESTARI RESPIRATORII: tahipnee cu hipopnee, cianoza, silentiu respirator(MV abolit, raluri absente)
CARDIOVASCULAR: bradicardie, hTA, puls paradoxal( in inspir TA>20 mmHg)
NEUROLOGIC: epuizare, confuzie, coma

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10
Q

Sindrom Kartagener

A

sindromul cililor imobili: bronsiectazie + situs inversus + sinuzită

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11
Q

Dispnee acuta

A

Obstructia cailor aeriene
Astmul bronsic
Embolie pulmonara
Pneumotorax
Edem pulmonar
Infarct miocardic
Anxietate
Aritmii
Anafilaxie

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12
Q

Dispnee subacuta

A

Pneumonie
Exacerbare BPOC
Angina
Acidoza metabolica

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13
Q

Dispnee cronica

A

BPOC
Embolism pulmonar cronic
Pleurezie
Cardiomiopatie
Patologii maligne
Disfunctii valvulare
Insuficienta cardiaca congestiva

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