Bonding

Question 0

What combination of elements make up an IONIC BOND?

Answer 0

Metal + Non-metal

Question 1

What are the two types of element?

Answer 1

Metal and non-metal atoms

Question 2

What combination of elements make up a COVALENT BOND?

Answer 2

Non-metal +non-metal

Question 3

What combination of elements makeup a METALLIC BOND?

Answer 3

Metal + Metal

Question 4

Give an example of two metals that could make up an ionic bond…

Answer 4

Sodium. + chlorine
Highly reactive. Highly reactive
Grey metal Green gas

Question 5

What is the electron configuration of sodium (Na) + Chlorine (cl) in terms of an IONIC BOND?

Answer 5

Na; 2:81 Cl; 2:8:7
To
Na; 2:8 Cl; 2:8:8

Question 6

What happens when atoms transfer in a IONIC BOND? (In terms of ions)

Answer 6

Opposite ions attract

ELECTROSTATICALLY to form a 3D crystalline lattice.

Question 7

Give the electron configuration of Magnesium + Oxygen in terms of IONIC BONDING…?

Answer 7

Mg (2+); 2:8:2 O (2-); 2:6
To
Mg; 2:8 O; 2:8

Question 8

Give the definition of an IONIC BOND?

Answer 8

Electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.

Question 9

How are atoms electrically neutral?

What do they have?

Answer 9

Equal numbers of protons and electrons.

Question 10

Why are the Nobel gasses so stable?

Answer 10

They have full outer shells.

Question 11

What kind of bonding is this:

Losing or gaining electrons?

Answer 11

IONIC BONDING

Question 12

What kind of bonding is this:

Sharing electrons?

Answer 12

COVALENT BONDING

Question 13

In general, NON-METALS……

Answer 13

Gain electrons to form anions

Question 14

Give the definition of a co-valent bond?

Answer 14

The electrostatic force of attraction BETWEEN 2 NUCLEI AND A SHARED PAIR OF ELECTRONS.

Question 15

Give the line diagram and formulae for:

Hydrogen

Answer 15

H - H

H2

Question 16

Give the line diagram and formulae for:

Chlorine

Answer 16

Cl - Cl

Cl2

Question 17

Give the line diagram and formulae for:

Hydrogen chloride

Answer 17

H - Cl

HCl

Question 18

Give the line diagram and formulae for:

Water

Answer 18

H - O - H

H2O

Question 19

Give the line diagram and formulae for:

Ammonia

Answer 19

H - N - H
I
H

NH3

Question 20

Give the line diagram and formulae for:

Methane

Answer 20

H
            I
     H - C - H
            I
           H

Ch4

Question 21

Give the line diagram and formulae for:

Oxygen

Answer 21

O = O

O2

Question 22

Give the line diagram and formulae for:

Nitrogen

Answer 22

O(-x3) O

N2

Question 23

Give the line diagram and formulae for:

Carbon dioxide

Answer 23

O=C=O

CO2

Question 24

What two structures are there within covalent bonding?

Answer 24

- Simple molecular covalent | - Giant molecular covalent

Question 25

What are the TWO properties that simple molecular covalent has?

Answer 25

- usually liquids or gasses at R.T.P | - very low melting points and boiling points

Question 26

What kind of FORCES are simple molecular covalent molecules held together by?

Answer 26

- very weak forces - vonder waals forces - intermolecular forces

Question 27

What are the THREE properties that go with Giant Molecular Covalent bonding?

Answer 27

- Solids at room temp - v high melting and boiling points - strong forces which requires a large amount if energy to break the strong covalent bond la throughout the lattice

Question 28

Give the definition and three examples of Giant molecular covalent bonding...?

Answer 28

-giant 3D lattice (molecule) with covalent bonds throughout E.g's •Carbon Diamond •Carbon Graphite •Silicon Dioxide

Question 29

In an ionic bond, the metal atom....

Answer 29

Losses electrons

Question 30

In ionic bonding, non metal atoms......

Answer 30

Gain electrons

Question 31

What are Oxidations and Reduction?

Answer 31

Oxidation Is the Loss of electrons Reduction Is the Gain of electrons OIL RIG

Question 32

What charge do metal ions have?

Answer 32

M+

Question 33

What charge do non-metal ions have?

Answer 33

X-

Question 34

In both metal and non-metal ions, the size of the charge=

Answer 34

Valency

Question 35

Valency=

Answer 35

Number of electrons in the outer shell

Question 36

In non-metals the valency=

Answer 36

8- the no. Of electrons on the outer shell. | e.g. O= 2.6 O2-= 2.8

Question 37

Groups 1,2,3=

Answer 37

METAL

Question 38

Groups 5,6,7=

Answer 38

NON-METAL

Question 39

What are the 2 properties of an ionic compound?

Answer 39

High melting and boiling points.

Question 40

What do dot and cross diagrams show?

Answer 40

The outer shell of electrons only

Question 41

What is SIMPLE MOLECULAR COVALENT

Answer 41

Two or more NON-METAL atoms | Not carbon Diamond carbon graphite and Silicon diamond

Question 42

Cl2(g), H2O(l), CO2(g) are all examples of .....

Answer 42

Simple molecular covalent compounds

Question 43

What are the two different types of forces in simple molecular Covalent?

Answer 43

INTRAmolecular Bonding:Covalent (bonds INSIDE the molecule bonding atoms together) INTERmolecular FORCES:Weak Forces (Van der Waal's forces of attraction BETWEEN molecules)

Question 44

A METALLIC BOND....

Answer 44

is the electrostatic force of attraction between 2 cations and the delocalised electrons between them.

Question 45

The METALLIC STRUCTURE.....

Answer 45

is the close packed, regular arrangement of CATIONS surrounded by a SEA of DELOCALISED ELECTRONS.

Question 46

What are the 2 properties of metals?

Answer 46

MALLEABLE: can be hammered into shape or bent and it retains shape ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY: metals conduct electricity

Question 47

Explanation of: malleable and ductile

Answer 47

* layers of cations can move over each other | * and still retain attraction to the delocalised sea of electrons

Question 48

Explanation of: conduct electricity

Answer 48

* metals have a delocalised sea of electrons * delocalised sea of electrons are FREE to move * movement of electrons is the conduction of electricity

Question 49

Explanation of: high melting point and boiling point

Answer 49

* metals have STRONG METALLIC BONDS | * hence a large amount of energy is required to brake these bonds