Bone

Question 1

a specialized connective tissue that supports the body, protect internal organs

Answer 1

bone

Question 2

bone is composed of what?

Answer 2

calcified extracellular material, bone matrix, osteocytes, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts.

Question 3

how many bones are in an adult’s body?

Answer 3

206

Question 4

how many bones are in an infant’s body?

Answer 4

270

Question 5

originates from the mesenchymal stem cells; synthesizes and secretes the organic components of the extracellular matrix

Answer 5

osteoblast

Question 6

what does the osteoblast produce?

Answer 6

proteoglycans and osteonectin

Question 7

very giant and multinucleated cells involved in removing calcified bone matrix; involved in bone remodeling

Answer 7

osteoclast

Question 8

where are osteoclasts found?

Answer 8

interfaces involved in selective diffusion, absorption, and secretion

Question 9

found in the cavitites between bone matrix layers with cytoplasmic processes in the small canaliculi that extend into the matrix

Answer 9

osteocytes

Question 10

what are the inorganic compounds of bones?

Answer 10

calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, sodium

Question 11

crystals that lie alongside collagen fibrils and are surrounded by amorphous ground substance

Answer 11

hydroxyapatite crystals

Question 12

what are the organic compounds of bones?

Answer 12

collagen type I fibers and amorphous ground substance

Question 13

where does the osteoprogenitor/osteogeonic cells populates?

Answer 13

inner cellular layer of periosteum

Question 14

what does osteoprogenitor form?

Answer 14

more osteoprogenitor cells, osteoblasts, and chondrogenic cells

Question 15

lines the endosteal and periosteal surfaces

Answer 15

osteoblast

Question 16

synthesize organic components of bone matrix, regulate mineralization of bone matrix and activity of one resorption

Answer 16

osteoblast

Question 17

what does osteoblast produce?

Answer 17

collagen type I, osteocalcin, multiadhesice glycoproteins, non collagenous bone matrix proteins (GAG, hyaluronan, chondroitin & keratan sulfate)

Question 18

huge cells derived from the fusion of as many as 50 monocytes; concentrated in the endosteum

Answer 18

osteoclast

Question 19

bone matrix is composed of?

Answer 19

collagen fibers and hydroxyapatite

Question 20

gives the bone its hardness and ability to resist compression

Answer 20

bone matrix

Question 21

consists of thick collar on end compact bones rounding the central marrow cavity

Answer 21

long bone

Question 22

equal length and width

Answer 22

short bone

Question 23

flat with two flat blades

Answer 23

flat bone

Question 24

no definite morphology

Answer 24

irregular

Question 25

can be found within the substance of tendon

Answer 25

sesamoid

Question 26

irregular and random arrangement of cells and collagen; lightly calcified

Answer 26

woven bone

Question 27

also known as newly calcified, immature bone, primary bone, and bundle bone

Answer 27

woven bone

Question 28

remodeled from woven bone

Answer 28

lamellar bone

Question 29

all normal regions of adult bone; also known as mature bone and secondary bone

Answer 29

lamellar bone

Question 30

80% of all lamellar bone

Answer 30

compact bone

Question 31

also known as cortical bone and is the thick, outer region of bones

Answer 31

compact bone

Question 32

20% of all lamellar bone

Answer 32

cancellous bone

Question 33

interconnected thin spicules or trabeculae covered by endosperm; aka spongy bone, trabecular bone, medullary bone

Answer 33

cancellous bone

Question 34

inner region of bones adjacent to narrow cavities

Answer 34

cancellous bone

Question 35

what are the two process where osteogenesis occurs?

Answer 35

intramembranous and endochondral ossification

Question 36

intramembranous ossification is mostly used by?

Answer 36

flat bones

Question 37

where does endochondral ossification occur?

Answer 37

hyaline cartilage

Question 38

resting zone composed of typical hyaline cartilage

Answer 38

zone of reserve cartilage

Question 39

hyaline cartilage will divide repeatedly and will be enlarged and secrete the type II collagen and different proteoglycans

Answer 39

proliferative zone

Question 40

contains swollen, terminally differentiated chondrocytes

Answer 40

zone of hypertrophy

Question 41

bone tissue first appears in this zone

Answer 41

zone of ossification

Question 42

chondrocytes avout to undergo apoptosis and will eventually release matrix vesicles and osteocalcin

Answer 42

zone of calcified cartilage

Question 43

places where bones meet or articulate allowing at least the potential for bending or movement

Answer 43

joints

Question 44

joints that are very limited or no movement are classified collectively as?

Answer 44

synarthroses

Question 45

freely mobile joints are called?

Answer 45

diarthroses