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histology let > connective tissue > Flashcards

connective tissue Flashcards

(76 cards)

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1
Q

provides a matrix that supports and physically connects tissues to form organs of the body

A

connective tissue

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2
Q

what is the major constituent of connective tissue?

A

extracellular matrix

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3
Q

where does connective tissue originate?

A

embryonic mesenchyme

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4
Q

where does macrophages, plasma cells, and mast cells originate from?

A

hematopoietic stem cells

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5
Q

consists of population of undifferentiated cells; generally elongated but with large chromatic nuclei that indicated high level of synthetic activity

A

mesenchyme

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6
Q

permanent resident of connective tissue; produce and maintains most of the tissue’s extracellular component

A

fibroblast

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7
Q

what does the fibroblast synthesize and secrete?

A

collagen, elastin, glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans, multiadhesive glycoproteins

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8
Q

rapidly closing wounds are induced by?

A

myofibroblasts

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9
Q

extracellular fibers and ground substance

A

fibroblasts

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10
Q

serves as antibodies

A

plasma cells

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11
Q

various immune defense functions

A

lymphocytes

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12
Q

modulate allergic/vasoactive reactions and defense against parasites

A

eosinophil

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13
Q

high eosinophil indicates?

A

parasitic infection

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14
Q

phagocytosis of bacteria

A

neutrophil

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15
Q

elevated neutrophil indicates?

A

bacterial infection

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16
Q

phagocytosis of ECM components and debris; antigen processing and presentation to immune cells; secretion of growth factors, cytokines, and other agents

A

macrophages

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17
Q

pharmacologically active molecules

A

mast cells and basophils

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18
Q

what has high levels in cases of allergy

A

basophil

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19
Q

storage of neutral fats

A

adipocytes

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20
Q

kidney shaped nucleus; 10-30 um in diameter

A

macrophages

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21
Q

macrophage in connective tissue

A

histiocytes

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22
Q

macrophage in bone marrow

A

monocytes

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23
Q

macrophage in liver

A

kupffer cells

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24
Q

macrophage in CNS

A

microglial cells

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25
macrophage in skin
langerhans cells
26
macrophage in bone
osteoclast
27
oval or irregularly shaped cells of connective tissue; 7-20 um in diameter filled with basophilic secretory granules
mast cells
28
sulfated glycosaminoglycan that acts locally as an anticoagulant
heparin
29
promotes increased vascular permeability and smooth muscle concentration
histamine
30
activate various mediators of inflammation
serine proteases
31
attracts leukocytes
eosinophil and neutrophil chemotactic factors
32
release of certain chemical mediators which are stored in mast cells promotes what?
type 1 hypersensitivity
33
lymphocyte-derived, antibody producing cells; responsible for the synthesis of immunoglobulin antibodies
plasma cells
34
where are plasma cells derived from?
B lymphocytes
35
average life span of plasma cells
10-20 days
36
also present in cases of inflammation like plasma cells
leukocyte
37
what are the major signs of inflamed tissues include?
redness and swelling with heat and pain
38
in some cases of inflammation there is a presence of?
swelling (edema)
39
elongated structures which are formed from proteins that polymerize after the secretion of fibroblast
fibers
40
most abundant, formed by proteins of the collagen family
collagen
41
three main types of fibers
collagen, reticular, elastic fibers
42
most abundant protein in the human body, 30% of its dry weight
collagen
43
two important amino acids in formation of collagen
glycine and proline
44
3 groups of collagens
fibrillar collagens, network or sheet-forming collagens, anchoring collagens
45
collagens type I, II, and III; have polypeptide unit that aggregate to form large fibrils
fibrillar collagens
46
type IV collagen have subunits produced by epithelial cells and are major structural proteins of external laminae and all epithelial basal lamina
network or sheet-forming collagen
47
short collagens that link fibrillar collagens to one another and to other components of ECM
anchoring collagen
48
skin, tendon, bone, dentin; resistance to tension
type I collagen
49
cartilage, vitreous body; resistance to pressure
type II collagen
50
skin, muscle, blood vessels, frequently together with type I; structural maintenance in expansible organ
type III collagen
51
fetal tissues, skin, bone, placenta, most interstitial tissues; participates in type 1 collagen function
type V collagen
52
cartilage; participates in type II collagen function
type XI collagen
53
Fibril forming collagens are:
type I, II, III, V, and XI
54
all basal and external laminae; support of epithelial cells; filtration
type IV collagen
55
hypertrophic cartilage involved in endochondral bone formation; increase density of the matrix
type X collagen
56
Network forming collagens are:
type IV and X collagen
57
epithelial basement membranes; anchors basal laminae to underlying reticular lamina
type VII collagen
58
Cartilage, vitreous body; binds various proteoglycans; associated with type II collagen
type IX collagen
59
placenta, skin, tendons; interacts with type I collagen
Type XII collagen
60
placenta, bone; binds with type I collagen fibrils, with types V and XII, strengthening fiber formation
type XIV collagen
61
serves as supportive stroma for parenchymal secretory cells and rich microvasculature of the liver and endocrine glands
reticular fibers
62
highly hydrated, transparent, and a complex mixture of glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans, and multiadhesive glycoproteins
ground substance
63
allows diffusion od small molecules and acts as lubricant and barrier to invaders
ground substance
64
distributed in the umbilical cord, synovial fluid, vitreous humor, and cartilage
hyaluronic acid
65
distributed in the cartilage, bone, cornea, skin, notochord, aorta; high levels of interaction mainly with collagen type II
chondroitin 4-sulfate
66
distributed in the cartilage, umbilical cord, skin, aorta; high levels of interaction mainly with collagen type II
chondroitin 6-sulfate
67
distributed in skin, tendon, aorta (adventitia); low levels of interaction; mainly with collagen type I
dermatan sulfate
68
distributed in aorta, lung, liver, basal laminae; intermediate levels of interaction, mainly with collagen type III and IV
heparan sulfate
69
distributed in cartilage, nucleus pulposus, annulus fibrosus
keratan sulfate
70
what are the four major GAGs found in proteoglycans?
dermatan sulfate, chondroitin sulfates, keratan sulfate, and heparan sulfate
71
supports microvasculature, nerves and immune defense cells
loose connective tissue
72
protects and supports organs; resists tearing
dense irregular connective tissue
73
provide strong connections within musculoskeletal system; strong resistance to force
dense regular connective tissue
74
contains stem/progenitor cells for all adult connective tissue cells
mesenchyme
75
supports and cushions large blood vessels
mucoid connective tissue
76
supports blood forming cells, many secretory cells, and lymphocytes in most lymphoid organs
reticular connective tissue

histology let (9 decks)

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