Tissue Prep

Question 1

study of normal tissues and its arrangement inside the body; does not have any history or current disease

Answer 1

Histology

Question 2

study and diagnosis of disease through surgically removed tissues

Answer 2

pathology

Question 3

preparation of tissue samples; analyzing if benign or malignant

Answer 3

histopathology

Question 4

most crucial part in preparing tissues

Answer 4

labeling

Question 5

prevent tissue from degradation

Answer 5

fixation

Question 6

most common fixative used in the laboratory (buffered isotonic solution of 37% formaldehyde)

Answer 6

formalin

Question 7

submerging of samples into different containers containing increasing concentration of ethylene alcohol; prevent shrinkage of the sample

Answer 7

dehydration

Question 8

removal of excess alcohol from dehydration using a normal saline solution

Answer 8

clearing

Question 9

putting of melted paraffin or candle wax into the sample through setting the oven into 52-60 degrees celsius

Answer 9

infiltration

Question 10

hardening the paraffin wax at room temperature

Answer 10

embedding

Question 11

involves the use of microtome

Answer 11

trimming

Question 12

used to cut tissues into slices until we reach the specific thickness

Answer 12

microtome

Question 13

1 micrometer in diameter of tissue

Answer 13

electron microscope

Question 14

3-10 micrometer in diameter of tissue

Answer 14

light microscope

Question 15

allows clearer visibility of the shape, presence of keratin/microvilli/cilia

Answer 15

staining

Question 16

most commonly used stain for tissue preparation

Answer 16

hematoxylin and eosin

Question 17

initial reaction of cell when exposed to stress from its environment

Answer 17

adapt

Question 18

if the cell was not able to tolerate the stress the result would be?

Answer 18

cell injury

Question 19

if the cell overcomes the cell injury there will be?

Answer 19

reversible changes

Question 20

in case the cell was not able to overcome the cell injury the result would be?

Answer 20

cell death/apoptosis

Question 21

give 5 causes of cell injury

Answer 21

oxygen deprivation, physical agents, chemical agents and drugs, infectious agents, immunologic reactions

Question 22

allows the cell to revert to its normal functional and morphologic features after removal of damaging stimula

Answer 22

patterns of reversible cell injury

Question 23

influx of ions due to failure of energy-dependent ion pumps; first manifestation of cellular injury

Answer 23

cellular swelling

Question 24

seen in cells dependent on fat metabolism

Answer 24

fatty change

Question 25

unprogrammed cell death

Answer 25

necrosis

Question 26

programmed cell death

Answer 26

apoptosis

Question 27

enlarged cell size, disrupted plasma membrane, enzymatic digestion, cellular contents may leak out of cell; pathologic

Answer 27

necrosis

Question 28

reduced cell size, intact plasma membrane, intact cellular contents, often physiologic and may be pathologic

Answer 28

apoptosis

Question 29

causes include hypoxia/ischema, radiation, and other injurious agents; decrease atp and increase reactive oxygen species

Answer 29

mitochondria (necrosis)

Question 30

causes include ros and other injurious agents; cellular membrane will have damage to lysosomal membranes and plasma membrane

Answer 30

cellular membrane (necrosis)

Question 31

causes include radiation and mutations; cell cycle arrest

Answer 31

nucleus (apoptosis)

Question 32

increase in cell size

Answer 32

hypertrophy

Question 33

increase number of cells

Answer 33

hyperplasia

Question 34

decrease in cell size

Answer 34

atrophy

Question 35

myometrial hypertrophy in gravid uterus

Answer 35

physiologic hypertrophy

Question 36

muscle of bodybuilders

Answer 36

physiologic hypertrophy

Question 37

left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertensive heart disease

Answer 37

pathologic hypertrophy

Question 38

pubertal breast changes (hormonal)

Answer 38

physiologic hyperplasia

Question 39

liver regeneration

Answer 39

physiologic hyperplasia

Question 40

endometrial hyperplasia

Answer 40

pathologic hyperplasia

Question 41

embryonic atrophy

Answer 41

physiologic atrophy

Question 42

senile atrophy of brain

Answer 42

pathologic atrophy

Question 43

cancer cachexia

Answer 43

pathologic atrophy

Question 44

in chronic smokers the epithelium of their lung changes; can cause cancer

Answer 44

metaplasia