Bone

Question 1

What does bone contain

Answer 1

cells, vessels, nerve fibers, ECM, and fibers

Question 2

Function of bone

Answer 2

• storage depot for mineralize
• Make blood cells
• Supports
• Protects

Question 3

What is the result of pressure applied to bone

Answer 3

bone resorption (breakdown)

Question 4

What is the result of tension applied to bone

Answer 4

bone deposition (addition)

Question 5

Long bone components

Answer 5

• Diaphysis (long cylindrical shaft)
• Epiphysis (bulbous ends)
• Medually cavity
• Outer aspect (shell)

Question 6

Epiphyseal (growth) plate

Answer 6

made up of hyaline cartilage

allows the long bone to grow in length

Question 7

Periosteum

Answer 7

external connective tissue of bone

Question 8

Endosteum

Answer 8

inner connective tissue of bone

Question 9

Outer fibrous layer of active periosteum

Answer 9

protective and supportive. Contains fribroblasts. Forms collagen bundles, contains blood and lymphatic vessels and nerve fiber

Question 10

Inner cellular layer of active periosteum

Answer 10

allows for bone growth on surface of bone
contains osteoprogenitor cells
Early stage, immature bone cells

Question 11

Osteoid

Answer 11

soft, organic, non mineralized bone

Question 12

Sharpey’s fibers

Answer 12

run perpendicular to longitudinal axis of bone. Anchor periosteium to underlying bone to keep it from peeling/sliding off

Question 13

What do osteoprogenitor cells differentiate into

Answer 13

osteoblasts

Question 14

Inorganic componetnts of bone matrix

Answer 14

hydroxyapatite crystals (calcium phosphate) - man component
bicarb, citrate, Mg++, Na+,K+

Question 15

Organic components of bone matrix

Answer 15

Mostly type I collagen
proteoglycans
glycoproteins
growth factors

Question 16

Osteonectin

Answer 16

binds hydroxyapaptite crystals to collagen fibers

Question 17

Sialoproteins and osteopontin

Answer 17

anchor bone cells to ECM

Question 18

osteocalcin

Answer 18

traps calcium ions from blood stream so that they can stay in bone matrix to mineralize bone

Question 19

Bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs)

Answer 19

stimulate mesenchymal cells to differentiate into osteoblasts to start laying down bone
Can use after surgery to promote bone growth

Question 20

Osteoblasts

Answer 20

synthesize bone

Question 21

Osteocytes

Answer 21

osteoblasts that migrate into the bone matrix and become completely surrounded by it

Question 22

Osteoclasts

Answer 22

derived from mononuclear hemopoietic progenitor cells

break down bone, involved in bone remodeling

Question 23

Bone spicule/traveculae

Answer 23

an island of bone

Question 24

What does the osteoid look like

Answer 24

a halo

Question 25

Chronic renal failure (CRF)

Answer 25

results in inadequate calcium and phosphate ions available to mineralize bone

Question 26

Haversian system

Answer 26

multiple concentric lamellae around one Haversian canal. Contains blood vessels, but not lymphatics

Question 27

Canaliculi

Answer 27

act as sipping straws for nutrients. Connect to other canaliculi. Point towards the Haversian canal

Question 28

How do metabolic waste products travel

Answer 28

backwards through canaliculi towards haverisian canal

Question 29

Ruffled border

Answer 29

located at the face of the matrix that's to be broken down. Project into subosteoclastic space. Acts to reabsorb

Question 30

Clear zone

Answer 30

does not have major structures. Only real thing it has is actin microfilaments that form a ring around ruffle border. Acts as a plunger to help osteoclast surface adhere to underlying bone. Makes sure acidic contents of re absorption compartment don't leak out

Question 31

Basolateral region

Answer 31

contains all the nuclei and organelles of osteoclast

Question 32

Comppact (Dense) bone

Answer 32

has no bubbles or spaces

Question 33

Canellous (spongy) bone

Answer 33

Has lots of holes, filled with marrow. Contains irregular bone lamellae.

Question 34

Primary bone

Answer 34

first bone formed by osteoblasts | Lines tooth sockets

Question 35

Secondary bone

Answer 35

lamallae are parallel | stronger, more mineralized

Question 36

Difference between Haversian system and Volkmann's canal

Answer 36

Haversian system has concentric lamellae. Volkmann's canal does not

Question 37

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Answer 37

Hyaline cartilage damaged. Dis-figuration of hands. Causes pain

Question 38

Gouty Arthiritis

Answer 38

uric crystals accumulate in joints. Very painful

Question 39

Rickets

Answer 39

Not enough calcium and/or vitamin D to mineralize bone tissue. Bone matrix remains soft. Caused bow-leggedness

Question 40

Osteoprorosis

Answer 40

reduction of bone mass. Makes bone weak and prone to fractures