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Cell Biology Exam 2 > Nervous Tissue > Flashcards

Nervous Tissue Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

3 different types of cell bodies

A

angular, ovoid, and spherical

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2
Q

Cell body

A

contains nucleus and nucleolus, and most of cellular organelles. Is trophic metabolic center of cell

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3
Q

Multipolar Neuron

A

most common type of neuron. Has a euchromatic nucleus. Cells are always active, forming proteins

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4
Q

Nissl

A

stacks of rER indicating high amount of protein synthesis

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5
Q

Neurofilaments

A

are contractile.

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6
Q

Microtubules

A

contribute to structural integrity. Act like bones of the cell

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7
Q

Axon hillock

A

proximal end of axon. Looks like a funnel. Contains neurofilaments and microtubules. Doesn’t have rER, so it stains pale

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8
Q

What does a multipolar neuron look like

A

almost clear nucleus
dark, prominent nucleolus
scattered nissl bodies in cytoplasm
blue paint splatter appearance

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9
Q

Substantia nigra

A

contains neuomelanin

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10
Q

Anterograde transport

A

Uses kinesin. Flow away from cell body

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11
Q

Retrograde transport

A

Uses dynein. Flow towards cell body. Viruses and toxins can use this pathway

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12
Q

Bipolar neuron

A

simplest. Associated with special sense of vision, hearing, balance, and olfaction

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13
Q

Pseudo-unipolar neurons

A

Neurons located in sensory ganglia (like trigeminal ganglion) Axon synapses in brainstem or spinal cord

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14
Q

Multipolar neuron

A

Most prominent type of nerves

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15
Q

Motor nervous

A

can be skeletal, or visceral or interneurons.

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16
Q

Dorsal horn

A

sensory

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17
Q

Lateral horn

A

autonomic/sympathetic

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18
Q

ventral horn

A

motor

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19
Q

Neuroglia

A

provide physical and physiological support. Packing material between neuron cell bodies

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20
Q

Astrocytes

A

have astrocytic feet that cover the surface of capillaries in the brain and spinal cord that have basal lamina on them

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21
Q

microglia

A

derived from monocytes. Acts as vacuum cleaner of CNS

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22
Q

Oligodendrocyte

A

forms myelin

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23
Q

Astrocytoma

A

make up about 80% of adult brain tumors

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24
Q

Ependymal cells

Study These Flashcards
A

type of glial cell that line ventricles and central canal of spinal cord and choroid plexus

25
Ependymoma
tumor growing into the fourth ventricle. Compresses surrounding structures as it expands. Only 5% of primary brain tumors
26
Can nerves divide/form tumors
no! but glial cells can
27
Myelination in CNS is done by
oligodendrocytes
28
Myelination in PNS is done by
Schwann Cells
29
Myelin
- lipprotein - has high lipid content - increases impulse conduction - insultaes neurons
30
Myelination by Schwann cells
-Axons occupy groove on Schwann cell -Cell starts to form jelly roll layers of membrane around axon. Think of squeezing toothpaste out of the tube and wrapping the tube around a pencil
31
Clefts of Schmidt-Lanterman
pockets of cytoplasm trapped between two cell membranes within the myelin sheath
32
Endoneurium
delicate layer of loose connective tissue with collagen that surrounds axons
33
Perineurium
surrounds bundle of axons
34
Epinerium
dense collagenous connective tissue sleeve that surrounds nerve. Contains blood and lymph vessels
35
Multiple Sclerosis
an autoimmune disease that is caused by oligoendrogliopathy
36
CNS
brain and spinal cord
37
PNS
nerves, plexuses, ganglion
38
Gray matter
made up off cerebral cortex and nuclei
39
White matter
lighter areas. Made of mylinated axons
40
Where are cell bodies in PNS located
in the ganglia
41
Where are cell bodies in the CNS located
nerves
42
Voluntary nervous system
control voluntary movement
43
Involuntary nervous system
autonomic nervous system (sympathetic and parasympathetic)
44
Enteric division of autonomic nervous system
Controls peristalisis, gland secretions, blood flow through the GI
45
Sympathetic
thoracolumbar outflow
46
Parasympathetic
craniosacral outflow
47
Synapse
connection for communication between neuron and something else
48
Axosomatic synapse
junction between axon terminal and membrane of cell body of nerve cell
49
Axodendritic synapse
(most common). Junction between axon terminal and dendrite of another nerve cell
50
Axoaxonic
junction between axon terminal and another axon
51
Eletrical synpases
not common in mamals in cerebral cortex, brainstem, and retina have gap junctions that allow electrical current to flow from one cell to another very rapid impulse transmission
52
Chemical synapses
most common type. Associated with neurotransmitter
53
Where are neurotransmitters synthesized
mostly in neuron cell body, but some are in axon terminal
54
Steps of impulse propagation
1) go down axon and sweep over membrane, changing membrane permeability 2) Ca++ ions pass into presynaptic terminal through voltage-gated channels 3) Ca++ causes synaptic vesicles to attach to inner surface of membrane and release neurotransmitters into synaptic cleft 4) Neurotransmitters diffuse across cleft and bind to receptors on postsynaptic membrane 5) Postsynaptic membrane is depolarized and nerve impulse is propagated down that neuron
55
Kiss and run fusion
Vesicles briefly attach to membrane of presynaptic neuron, release part of contents into synaptic cleft, then move backwards into neuron and attach to nearby docking station
56
Collapse fusion
vesicles attach to membrane, completely empty contents into synaptic cleft, vesicle membrane becomes part of presynaptic membrane, then vesicle membrane is pinched off neuron membrane back into cell
57
Circulation of cerebrospinal fluid
- Made in choroid plexus - Flows from 2 lateral ventricles - 3rd ventricle - Cerebral aqueduct of Sylvius - 4th ventral - Central canal of spinal cord
58
Anterograde changes to neuron
- Distal segment of axon degenerates - Elimination of debris by phagocytic cells - Schwann Cells proliferate, form Schwann cell tubes along with their external lamina
59
Retrograde reaction and regeneration
- Cell body swells, Chromatolysis occurs - Protein synthesis occurs - Axon grows sprouts, Schwann cells guide axon growth toward target cell, growing axon grows into endoneurium

Cell Biology Exam 2 (9 decks)

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