Bone fracture and fracture healing Flashcards
(73 cards)
Disorder of development- osteogenesis imperfecta
brittle bones- less collagen
Disorder of development- spina bifida
to do with arches that grow amd arch to form spinal processes- doesn’t form properly- spinal cord could go out- risk of damage
Disorder of development- achondroplasias
long bones don’t form properly, they are shorter
Endocrine disorders- gigantism
produce too much growth hormone, occurs and causes problems pre puberty, people larger than average
Endocrine disorders- acromegaly
too much growth hormone after the formation of epithelial plates have formed, means there is an increase in density rather than length, affects face more
Endocrine disorders- pituitary dwarfism
inadequate production of growth hormone
Endocrine disorders- postmenopausal osteoporosis
Postmenopausal women are susceptible to primary osteoporosis since osteoporosis is closely related to estrogen deficiency.
Endocrine disorders- hyper/ hypoparathyroidism
controls calcium- too much/ little can affect the levels calcium- effects amount laid down or destroyed at bone level
Nutritional problems- rickets
lack of vitamin D, reduces amount of calcitriol produced- involved in calcium homeostasis, not enough calcium is laid down or destroyed at bone level, in adults it causes
Nutritional problems- osteomalacia
causes bones to become soft
Nutritional problems- scurvy
vitamin C- needed for collagen production and stimulation of osteoblasts- effects building of bones, symptoms include bleeding gums
Disorders of the bones linking to ageing- ostopina
bones get weaker as we age, to do with disposition and reabsorption, cell building properties are lost- inadequate ossification, osteoblasts activity declines, whereas osteoclasts stays the same (mainly affects the jaw)
Disorders of the bones linking to ageing- osteoporosis
reduction in bone mass happens and effects the function, the reduction in bone mass is greater than at expected at that age, lack of weight bearing can cause it , can be classified as primary and secondary
who does osteoporosis affect the most
mostly females over 70%, if menopause happens early or goes on too long
What is primary osteoporosis
simple form seen in older people and women past menopause, it is accelerated bone loss but is predicted
What is secondary osteoporosis
not necessarily related to older people, menopause, osteoporosis can be caused by metabolic bone disease, or cancerous, maligins, severe malnutrition, certain drugs can lead to it for example corticosteroids, can lead to lack of ability to weight bear
Modifiable risk of osteoporosis
smoking increases risk, alcohol abuse, excessive caffeine , excessive dietary production, lack of dietary calcium, lack of sunlight exposure
Changes in bone mass with ageing
after mid 30’s, you begin to lose bone mass, women loss bone mass faster after menopause, but happens in men too
bones can weaken early in life without a healthy diet and right kinds of physical activity
when is osteoporosis usually found
usually found after fracture
What are fractures
fractures are breaks were mechanical stress is placed on this are it create excessive amount of force and bone cannot cope
Classification of fractures- severity- open/compound
bone has broken through skin, lots of skin tissue trauma
Classification of fractures- severity- impacted
one fragment is driven into another with such force that the 2 bones breaks. are forced into each other
Classification of fractures- severity- comminated
lots of different fracture pieces- broken into
Classification of fractures- severity- close/ simple
skin is not broken and soft tissue involvement is less
