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Histo LEC > Bone marrow > Flashcards

Bone marrow Flashcards

1
Q

Hemopoiesis (5)

A

Erythropoiesis
Granulopoiesis
Monocytopoiesis
Lymphopoiesis
Thrombocytopoiesis

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2
Q

Hemopoiesis, or blood cell formation, first occurs in a_________ cell population of the embryonic______

A

mesodermal

yolk sac

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3
Q

Hemopoiesis:

Shifts during second trimester mainly to the developing_____, before becoming concentrated in newly formed bones during the last 2 months of gestation.

A

liver - major
Spleen - minor

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4
Q

Hemopoietic bone marrow occurs in many locations through puberty, but then becomes increasingly restricted to components of the_____________.

A

axial skeleton

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5
Q

Hemopoietic bone marrow occurs in many locations through puberty, but then becomes increasingly restricted to components of the___________

A

axial skeleton

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6
Q

are pluripotent cells capable of asymmetric division and self-renewal.

A

Stem cells

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7
Q

T or F| ALL blood cells arise from a single major type of pluripotent stem cell in the bone marrow that can give rise to all the blood cell types.

A

True

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8
Q

2 major lineages of progenitor cells with restricted potentials:

A

lymphoid cells (lymphocytes)
myeloid cells

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9
Q

Myeloid cells - include:

A

granulocytes
monocytes
erythrocytes
megakaryocytes

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10
Q
  • migrate from the bone marrow to the thymus or the lymph nodes, spleen, and other lymphoid structures, where they proliferate and differentiate.
A

Lymphoid progenitor cells

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11
Q

Progenitor cells for blood cells are commonly called

A

colony-forming units (CFUs)

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12
Q

4 major types of progenitor cells

A

Erythroid lineage of CFU-erythrocytes (CFU-E)

Thrombocytic lineage of CFUmegakaryocytes(CFU-Meg)

Granulocyte-monocyte lineage of CFUgranulocytes-monocytes (CFU-GM)

Lymphoid lineage of CFU-lymphocytes of all types (CFU-L)

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13
Q

cannot be morphologically distinguished and simply resemble large lymphocytes

A

Stem and progenitor cells

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14
Q

Has greatest potentiality

A

Stem cell

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15
Q

Greatest mitotic activity

A

Precursor cells (blasts)

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16
Q

Greatest typical morphologic characteristics

A

Mature cells

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17
Q

Greatest self-renewing capacity

A

Stem cells

18
Q

Greatest influence of growth factors

A

Progenitor cells
Precursor cells (blasts)

19
Q

Greatest differentiated functional activity

A

Mature cells

20
Q

Hemopoietic growth factors or ________ or ________

A

colony- stimulating factors (CSF) or

cytokines

21
Q

glycoproteins that stimulate proliferation of progenitor and precursor cells and promote cell differentiation and maturation within specific lineages

A

Hemopoietic growth factors or colony- stimulating factors (CSF) or cytokines

22
Q

Bone marrow:

Blood-forming_______

_________ - filled with adipocytes that exclude most hemopoietic cells

A

Red bone marrow

Yellow bone marrow

23
Q

MATURATION OF ERYTHROCYTES

Several major changes take place during erythropoiesis:

A

Cell and nuclear volumes decrease

Nucleoli diminish in size and disappear

Chromatin density increases until the nucleus presents a pyknotic appearance and is finally extruded from the cell.

There is a gradual decrease in the number of polyribosomes (basophilia)

Increase in the amount of hemoglobin (a highly eosinophilic protein)

Mitochondria and other organelles gradually disappear

24
Q

MATURATION OF ERYTHROCYTES

A

Proerythroblast
Basophilic erythroblast
Polychromatopholic erythroblast
Orthochromatophilic erythroblast
Nucleus ejected
Reticulocyte
Erythrocyte

25
Q

reticulocytes, which are cells that have lost their nuclei but have not yet completely lost the________ used to synthesize globin, as demonstrated by a stain for RNA. (What is the name of the stain?)

A

polyribosomes

Brilliant cresyl blue

26
Q

involves cytoplasmic changes dominated by synthesis of proteins for the azurophilic granules and specific granules.

A

Granulopoiesis

27
Q

Granulopoiesis: formation of granules

A

Myeloblast
Promyelocyte
Myelocyte
Metamyelocyte

28
Q

Granulopoiesis:

No cytoplasmic granules

A

Myeloblast

29
Q

Granulopoiesis:

First azurophilic granules being secreted in Golgi apparatus

A

Promyelocyte

30
Q

Granulopoiesis:

Moderate number of azurophilic granules and initial production of specific granules in Golgi zone

A

Myelocyte

31
Q

Granulopoiesis:

Abundant specific granules and dispersed azurophilic granules;
Golgi apparatus reduced

A

Metamyelocyte

32
Q

Granulopoiesis

Typical precursor cells shown are as follows:

A

myeloblast (MB);
promyelocyte (1);
myelocytes (2);
late myelocyte (3);
metamyelocytes (4);
band cells (5);
nearly mature segmented neutrophils (6).

33
Q

Monocytopoiesis

A

Monoblast
Promonocyte
Monocyte

34
Q

Monocytopoiesis

Nucleus: Round to oval; may be irregularly shaped
Nucleoli: 1-2; may not be visible
Chromatin: Fine
Cytoplasm: Light blue to gray
Granules: None

A

Monoblast

35
Q

Monocytopoiesis

Nucleus: Irregularly shaped; folded; may have brain-like convolutions
Nucleoli: May or may not be visible
Chromatin: Fine to lacy
Cytoplasm: Light blue to gray
Granules: Fine azurophilic
Vacuoles: May be present

A

Promonocytes

36
Q

Monocytopoiesis

Nucleus: Variable; may be round, horseshoe shaped; often has folds producing “brainlike” convolutions
Nucleoli: Not visible
Chromatin: Lacy
Cytoplasm: Blue-gray; may have pseudopods
Granules: Many fine granules giving the appearance of ground glass
Vacuoles: Absent to numerous

A

Monocytes

37
Q

Lymphopoiesis

A

Lymphoblast
Prolymphocyte
NK cells

Small lymphocytes
- T lymphocytes
- B lymphocytes

38
Q

Originate in the red bone marrow by dissociating from mature megakaryocytes

A

PLATELETS

39
Q

Platelets

Differentiate from megakaryoblasts in a process driven by_________

A

thrombopoietin

40
Q

are giant cells with large, irregularly lobulated polyploid nuclei, coarse chromatin, and no visible nucleoli

A

Megakaryocytes

41
Q

Megakaryocytes produce all the characteristic components of platelets and in a complex process extend many long, branching pseudopodia-like projections called__________, from the ends of which platelets are pinched off almost fully formed.

A

proplatelets

42
Q

Thrombocytopoiesis

A

Megakaryoblast
Megakaryocyte
Platelet precursor extensions
Platelets

Histo LEC (26 decks)

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