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Histo LEC > Digestive > Flashcards

Digestive Flashcards

1
Q

Accessory Digestive Organs

A

Parotid salivary gland
Teeth
Tongue
Sublingual salivary gland
Submandibular salivary gland
Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas

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2
Q

Gastrointestinal tract (digestive organs)

OPESSLA

A

Oral cavity
Pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine
Anus

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3
Q

BASIC LAYERS OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

A

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis Externa
Serosa

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4
Q

(3) MUCOSA (MUCOUS MEMBRANE)

A

Epithelium
Lamina propria
Muscularis mucosae

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5
Q

refer to all organized lymphoid tissue found in the intestines, including Peyer’s patches in small intestine and cecal patch in colonic

A

GALT - (gut-associated lymphoid tissue)

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6
Q

Loose connective tissue but denser and usually more abundant than lamina propria

A

SUBMUCOSA

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7
Q

Contains blood vessels that are larger than in lamina propria & GALT

A

SUBMUCOSA

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8
Q

Submucosa contains

A

submucous plexus of Meissner

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9
Q

MUSCULARIS EXTERNA
Two smooth muscle coats:

A

Inner coat

Outer coat

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10
Q

Circularly oriented muscle cells

A

Inner coat

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11
Q

Longitudinally oriented muscle cells

A

Outer coat

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12
Q

ICOL

A

Inner-Circular
Outer-Longitudinal

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13
Q

Autonomic nerve fibers & neurons
Pale areas in between muscle layers

A

Myenteric plexus (of Auerbach)

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14
Q

In esophagus, small and large intestines

Morphologically very similar to smooth muscle cells

Located between nerves and smooth muscle cells

Act as pacemaker for intestinal motility

A

Cells of Cajal (ICC)

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15
Q

NOTES:
When excited (diarrhea), peristalsis will be

A

Faster

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16
Q
  • movement of food/substances inside the intestines forward to the anus
A

Peristalsis

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17
Q

Outermost histologic layer
Mostly connective tissue

A

ADVENTITIA OR SEROSA

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18
Q

In areas covered by peritoneum
With simple squamous epithelium (mesothelium)

A

Serosa

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19
Q

In areas with no peritoneal covering
Blends with surrounding connective tissue

A

Adventitia

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20
Q

NOTES:
NOT all of the digestive tract is covered with serosa, some are covered with

A

adventitia

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21
Q

= within/inside peritoneum
= retroperitoneal; outside/back of peritoneum

A

Serosa

Adventitia

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22
Q

Area anterior to teeth and gums
Space between teeth & lips

A

Vestibule

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23
Q

Oral cavity proper
- hard and soft palate
- tongue

A

Roof
Floor

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24
Q

The mucosa of the oral cavity is mostly non-keratinized except what part?

A

Hard palate

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25
Q

In the oral cavity, the submucosa is not well-delineated from lamina propria because there is no

A

no muscularis mucosae

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26
Q

Glands in the oral cavity (submucosa)

A

Labial glands (upper and lower lips)
Buccal glands (cheek)
Palatine glands (hard palate)

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27
Q

In the oral cavity, the muscularis externa is present in _____ and _____

A

Cheeks and tongue

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28
Q

In the oral cavity, the muscularis is atypical because its muscle type is

A

Skeletal muscle

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29
Q

Subcutaneous tissue between muscularis externa and skin

A

ADVENTITIA

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30
Q

In the oral cavity, why adventitia and not serosa

A

Because there is no peritoneum (only located sa tiyan)

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31
Q

3 different covered surface of the lips

A

Oral/ Internal surface
Vermilion zone (border)
Skin side/ external surface

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32
Q

Muscle in the lips

A

orbicularis oris

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33
Q

The palate is divided into:

A

Anterior hard palate
Posterior soft palate

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34
Q

Anterior hard palate (possessing a____ shelf in its core)

A

bony

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35
Q

Posterior soft palate (possessing _______ in its core)

A

skeletal muscle

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36
Q

stratified squamous parakeratinized to stratified squamous keratinized epithelium

A

ANTERIOR HARD PALATE

37
Q

ANTERIOR HARD PALATE

contains_____ tissue (anteriorly) and minor_________(posteriorly) in the oral aspect of its mucosa.

A

adipose

mucous salivary glands

38
Q

POSTERIOR SOFT PALATE

stratified squamous_______ epithelium

A

nonkeratinized

39
Q

Tongue is composed of

A

Mucosa
Smooth in ventral aspect of tongue
Rough on dorsal aspect
Epithelium is stratified squamous

40
Q

Muscle of tongue

A

Skeletal

41
Q

Anterior and Posterior tongue is demarcated by

A

Sulcus terminalis

42
Q

Inverted v-shaped shallow furrow
Demarcates anterior ⅔ from posterior ⅓

A

Sulcus terminalis

43
Q

ANTERIOR TONGUE
Covered by_____ papillae

A

lingual

44
Q

Contains lingual tonsils and lymph nodules

A

POSTERIOR TONGUE

45
Q

Covers the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

A

Lingual papillae

46
Q

Types of lingual papillae

A

Types:
Filliform
Fungiform
Foliate
Vallate

47
Q

Most numerous
Lacking taste buds (taste buds - sensory part)
All over anterior tongue

A

Filiform Papilla

48
Q

Filiform papilla is covered w/ stratified squamous epithelium (________tips)

A

keratinized

49
Q

Histology of Filiform

A

Keratinising layer

Orthokeratinized epithelium

Connective tissue

Muscles of the tongue

50
Q

Flattened surfaces
Broader than filiform papillae
Scattered among filiform papillae

A

Fungiform papilla

51
Q

Fungiform papilla - Pinhead-sized red dots because core contains many
______

A

capillaries

52
Q

Mushroom-shaped structures
Taste buds are occasionally present on surface

A

Fungiform

53
Q

Several parallel ridges on each side of the tongue
Hallow, longitudinal furrows located on the lateral aspect of the posterior region of the anterior two thirds of the tongue

A

Foliate papilla

54
Q

Taste buds degenerate shortly after the second year of life.

A

Foliate papilla

55
Q

Papilla arranged in a “V” along the sulcus terminalis

A

Circumvallate papilla

56
Q

Circular papillae, each of which is surrounded by a moat-like furrow.

A

Circumvallate papilla

57
Q

Largest (1-3 mm in diameter)
Least numerous (just 6-14)

Papilla

A

Circumvallate papilla

58
Q

Taste buds (200-300/ papilla) on sides (lateral)
Has the most numerous number of taste buds

A

Circumvallate

59
Q

are minor salivary glands that deliver their serous secretion into the furrow surrounding each papilla, assisting the taste buds in perceiving stimuli.

A

Glands of von Ebner

60
Q
  • has lots of hydrogen
  • has lots of glucose
  • glutamate (amino acid)
A

Sour

Sweet

Umami

61
Q

Organs of taste
Ovoid, pale structures

A

Taste buds

62
Q

Has _____cells per taste bud

A

50-100

63
Q

Nerve supply of taste buds

A

CN VII
CN IX
CN X

64
Q

Supplies those on anterior tongue (anterior ⅔) ; sensory

A

Facial nerve (CN VII)

65
Q

Supply those on posterior tongue and pharynx

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) and, to a small extent, vagus nerve(CN X)

66
Q

Taste buds are pale ovoid structures within the stratified epithelium
located in

A

foliate, fungiform, and circumvallate papillae

67
Q

3 main cell types in taste buds

A

Gustatory/Taste/ Neuroepithelial cells
Supportive/sustentacular cells
Basal cells/stem cells

68
Q

Five basic taste sensations are:
- due to hydrogen
- due to metals (NaCl)
- due to OH (hydroxyls)
- due to glucose
- due to glutamate (e.g. MSG)

A

Sour

Salt

Bitter

Sweet

Umami

69
Q

Serous glands in lamina propria in area of circumvallate papillae

A

Glands of von Ebner

70
Q

In submucosa under apex of tongue
Mixed glands
Like von Ebner’s glands, branched tubuloalveolar glands

A

Anterior lingual glands of Nuhn and Blandin

71
Q

2 types of teeth

A

Deciduous/Milk teeth/Primary: 20 teeth
Permanent/Secondary: 32 teeth

72
Q

covers the crown

hardest component of the human body, consisting of 96% calcium hydroxyapatite

A

ENAMEL

73
Q

ENAMEL is produced by

A

Ameloblasts

74
Q

forms the majority of the tooth

consists of a calcified connective tissue that gives the tooth its basic shape and rigidity

70% calcium hydroxyapatite

A

DENTIN

75
Q

DENTIN is produced by

A

Odontoblasts

76
Q

covers the root of the tooth

attaches the root to the periodontal ligament

A

CEMENTUM

77
Q

CEMENTUM is produced by

A

Cementoblasts

78
Q

highly vascular and well-innervated
Becomes the “sensitive” part of the teeth

A

PULP CAVITY

79
Q

extension of the pulp cavity that contains nerves and blood vessels

A

ROOT CANAL

80
Q

opening at the base of a root canal through which blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and nerves enter a tooth

A

APICAL FORAMEN

81
Q

fibrous connective tissue bundles of collagen fibers inserted into both the cementum and the alveolar bone

A

PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT

82
Q

three paired exocrine glands:

A

Parotid
Submandibular, and
Sublingual

83
Q

synthesize and secrete salivary amylase, lysozyme, lactoferrin, and a secretory component, which complexes with immunoglobulin A (IgA)

A

Salivary glands

84
Q

Salivary glands are what type of glands?

A

tubuloacinar (tubuloalveolar) glands

85
Q

Glands

  • proteinaceous; pyramidal
  • mucosal
A

Serous

Mucous

86
Q

Mucous acini: may be overlain with a crescent-shaped collection of serous cells called

A

serous demilunes

87
Q

consist of serous acini and are classified as serous

A

PAROTID GLANDS

88
Q

consist mostly of mucous acini capped with serous demilunes.

They are classified as mixed

A

SUBLINGUAL GLANDS

89
Q

consist of both serous and mucous acini (some also have serous demilunes).

They are classified as mixed

A

SUBMANDIBULAR GLANDS

Histo LEC (26 decks)

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