Bones and Joints

Question 1

How many bones in the human body?

Answer 1

206

Question 2

Name 3 different joints

Answer 2

Synovial Joint, fibrous joints, cartilaginous joints

Question 3

Describe the synovial Joint

Answer 3

Extensive movement, smooth cartilage, synovial fluid in a capsule

Question 4

describe the fibrous joints

Answer 4

no synovial cavity, joint held together by dense connective tissue- skull

Question 5

Describe cartilaginous joints

Answer 5

No synovium, little movement held together by cartilage- pelvis

Question 6

What are the components of synovial joints?

Answer 6

Bones, articular (hyline) Cartilage, marginal cartilage, synovial fluid, joint capsule, ligaments (passive stabilisers), Musculo tendinous support (active stabilisers)- tendons, Muscle- to move joint

Question 7

What is unique about the fibrous joint structure of skull

Answer 7

no movement- allow skull growth to adulthood

Question 8

What is the tibiofibular syndesmosis?

Answer 8

a fibrous joint joining the fibula to the tibia and stabilised by 4 lateral ligaments

Question 9

Describe the syndesmoses

Answer 9

greater distance between articular surface, more dense connective tissue, distal tibia and fibula

Question 10

What is a syndesmosis?

Answer 10

a fibrous joint between two bones and linked by ligaments and a strong membrane

Question 11

When does the anterior fontanelle usually close?

Answer 11

9-18 months

Question 12

When does the posterior fontanelle usually close?

Answer 12

by 1 or 2 months may be closed at birth

Question 13

Describe cartilaginous joints

Answer 13

little movement, Symphysis

Question 14

Describe symphysis

Answer 14

a cartilaginous joint. Bone ends covered by hyaline cartilage, disc of fibrocartilage in between e.g. pelvis, sternum, ribs

Question 15

What is a synchondrosis? (or primary cartilaginous joint)

Answer 15

is a type of cartilaginous joint where hyaline cartilage completely joins together two bones

Question 16

What are synchondroses?

Answer 16

immovable joints and are thus referred to as synarthroses

Question 17

What are the two main parts of the skull

Answer 17

Neurocranium- bony covering of brain and meninges- roof called calvaria, floor called the cranial base - 8 bones ( 1 frontal 1 ethmoid, 1 spheniod, 1 occipital, 2 temporal, 2 parietal
Viscerocranium- facial skeleton- 14 bones- frontal, temporal, spheniod, ethmoid and maxillary bones are pneumatised

Question 18

what is meant by pneumatised?

Answer 18

air within the bones

Question 19

What is the weakest part of the skull?

Answer 19

Pterion where the frontal, parietal, sphenoid and temporal bones all meet

Question 20

describe the vertebral column

Answer 20

Cervical Spine
C1 – C7
Thoracic Spine
T1 –T12
12 paired ribs
Lumbar Spine
L1 –L5
Sacrum
5 segments

Question 21

Where is the sternal angle placed?

Answer 21

where the second rib is

Question 22

Where is the costochondral joint?

Answer 22

between the costal cartilage and the ribs

Question 23

How many true ribs are there? false ribs? floating ribs?

Answer 23

1-7, their costal cartilage links directly with the sternum
8-10 false- the costal cartilage are attached to the cartilage of the next higher rib
11-12 floating- short ribs don’t attach to the sternum