Head and Neck

Question 1

What are the anterior triangle boundries of the neck?

Answer 1

Sternocleidomastoid muscle, the midline, lower border of the manidble

Question 2

What are the posterior triangle boundries of the neck?

Answer 2

Sternocleidomastoid, Trapezius muscle, middle third clavicle

Question 3

What nerve supplies the trapezius muscle?

Answer 3

Accessory nerve (11)

Question 4

What 5 categories can the anterior triangle be split into?

Answer 4

muscle, skeletal elements and viscera, glands, nerves and muscles

Question 5

What muscles are in the anterior triangle?

Answer 5

Mylohyoid, anterior belly of digastric, infrahyoid (strip) muscles (sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid, omohyoid)

Question 6

What cartilage forms a ring around the trachea?

Answer 6

cricoid

Question 7

What bone doesn’t join on to any other bone

Answer 7

Hyoid bone

Question 8

How many laryngeal cartilages?

Answer 8

9

Question 9

describe the mylohyoid

Answer 9

forms the floor of the mouth like a hammock. Arises from the mandible and attaches onto the hyoid bone. It raises the hyoid bone and floor of mouth

Question 10

Describe the strap muscles?

Answer 10

named after where they attach. These depress the hyoid bone and also the larynx, or pull it down, during swallowing (deglutition) and speaking

Question 11

What is the skeletal elements of the anterior triangle?

Answer 11

THYROID CARTILAGE – Largest of the laryngeal cartilages
CRICOID CARTILAGE – Below the thyroid cartilage, just above the trachea
HYOID BONE
TRACHEA

Question 12

What are the 3 single laryngeal cartilages?

Answer 12

thyroid, cricoid (only one that forms a complete ring around the larynx) and the epiglottis (elastic cartilage

Question 13

What are the 3 paired laryngeal cartilages?

Answer 13

arytenoid, corniculate and cuneiform

Question 14

What are the anterior triangle glands?

Answer 14

THYROID GLAND

PARATHYROID GLANDS

SUBMANDIBULAR GLANDS

Question 15

Where does the Thyrocervical trunk arise from?

Answer 15

subclavian artery

Question 16

what are the anterior triangle nerves?

Answer 16

VAGUS
PHRENIC
HYPOGLOSSAL

Question 17

What does the Phrenic Nerve innovate in regards to the neck?

Answer 17

cervical 3,4,5 – innervates the skeletal muscle of the diaphragm but also contains sensory innervation to

Question 18

What does the vagus nerve do in regards to the neck?

Answer 18

Motor – innervates the muscles of the larynx, pharynx and soft palate
Parasympathetic – smooth muscle of the trachea, bronchi (slows breathing), slows heart rate and increases gut motility
Special sensory fibres – innervation for taste sensation in the epiglottis and root of the tongue
General sensory – internal aspect of larynx and the ear canal. Also provides visceral sensory innervation to the heart and abdominal structures.

Question 19

What does the pericardium do?

Answer 19

The structure that anchors the heart to the diaphram

Question 20

What three nerves are important in the posterior triangle?

Answer 20

ACCESSORY NERVE

PARTS OF THE BRACHIAL PLEXUS

CUTANEOUS CERVICAL NERVES

Question 21

what does the posterior Accessory nerve initiate in regards to Sternocleidomastoid muscle

Answer 21

lateral flexion of neck when acting on its own and flexion of neck when acting both left and right sides

Question 22

What does the brachial plexus do?

Answer 22

Cervical 5 – Thoracic 1 (C5-T1)
Motor and sensory innervation to the upper limbs

Question 23

Describe lymph nodes in the posterior triangle

Answer 23

Small oval to bean shaped structures.
They filter lymph.
Offer defence against the spread of infection.
Returned to larger veins.
Many sites of lymph nodes.

Question 24

What are the superficial lymph nodes?

Answer 24

drain face, neck and scalp and pass to the superficial ring of lymph nodes at the junction of head and neck