Bones and Joints Flashcards
(61 cards)
Approximately, how many bones make up the skeleton?
206
What is the prefix for bone?
Osteo-
What two groups are the bones in the body divided into?
Axial and appendicular
What is the axial part of the skeleton?
Central core
What is the appendicular part of the skeleton?
Limbs
What are the five types of bone?
Flat
Sesamoid
Long
Short
Irregular
Describe and state function of flat bones, using an example
Thin and large to provide protection for organs. E.g. Cranium protects the brain.
Describe and state function of sesamoid bones, using an example
Found within a tendon to reduce pressure when weight-bearing. E.g. Patella tendon
Describe and state function of long bones, using an example
Longer than they are wide, and are used to provide a lever for movement. E.g. Femur
Describe and state function of short bones, using an example
Found near joints, cuboid-like shape packed into a small space to provide support and stability. E.g. Carpels
Describe irregular bones, using an example
Bones that do not fit into any other category. E.g. Vertebrae
Cancellous bone
Honeycomb structure found at the end parts of bone (epiphysis)
Approximately 20%
Provides shock absorption
Has a good blood supply to provide nutrients
Compact bone
Outer shell - covered in periosteum
Found in the diaphysis (shaft of the bone)
Approximately 80%
Harder so better for protection
What are the five bone functions?
Provide structure
Provides protection
A lever for movement
Mineral storage
Blood cell production
What does the prefix epi mean?
Upon
What does the prefix endo mean?
Within
What does the prefix peri mean?
Around
Fossa
Small depression, pit or cavity
Foramen
Hole or opening
Condyle
Large, round projection that usually articulates with another bone.
Notch
Depression between two prominences
Spine
Ridge/sharp, slender projection of a bone. E.g. spinal process of a vertebra
Process
Prominence
Tubercle
Small rounded prominence on a bone where connective tissues attach.
