The Foot and Ankle

Question 1

What 7 bones form the tarsals?

Answer 1

Calcaneus
Talus
Navicular
Cuboid
Medial cuneiform
Intermediate cuneiform
Lateral cuneiform

Question 2

How many metatarsals are there?

Answer 2

5

Question 3

How many phalanges are there?

Answer 3

14

Question 4

Name the bones in a toe

Answer 4

Proximal, middle and distal phalange

Question 5

Name the bones in the hallux

Answer 5

Proximal and distal phalange

Question 6

What bones articulate at the talocrural joint?

Answer 6

Medial malleolus of the tibia, lateral malleolus of the fibula and talus

Question 7

What type of joint is the talocrural joint?

Answer 7

Hinge

Question 8

What bones articulate at the subtalar joint?

Answer 8

Talus and calcaneus

Question 9

What type of joint is the subtalar joint?

Answer 9

Gliding

Question 10

Where specifically are the two transverse tarsal joints found?

Answer 10

Between talus and navicular, and calcaneus and cuboid.

Question 11

What type of joints are the transverse tarsal joints?

Answer 11

Gliding

Question 12

Where are intertarsal joints found?

Answer 12

Between tarsals

Question 13

Where are tarsometatarsal joints found?

Answer 13

Between tarsals and metatarsals

Question 14

Where are MTP (metatarsophalangeal) joints found?

Answer 14

Between metatarsals and phalanges

Question 15

Where are interphalangeal joints found?

Answer 15

Between bones of the phalanges

Question 16

What is the end of the tibia called?

Answer 16

Medial malleolus

Question 17

What is the end of the fibula called?

Answer 17

Lateral malleolus

Question 18

Does the lateral or medial malleolus sit lower?

Answer 18

Lateral malleolus

Question 19

Movement at the talocrural joint

Answer 19

40-50 degree plantar flexion
15-20 degree dorsi flexion

Question 20

What does the achilles tendon attach?

Answer 20

Gastrocnemius to calcaneus

Question 21

What are the three structural arches?

Answer 21

Medial and lateral longitudinal arch and transverse arch

Question 22

Role of medial longitudinal arch

Answer 22

Shock absorption

Question 23

What is the role of the lateral longitudinal arch?

Answer 23

Balance

Question 24

Role of the transverse arch

Answer 24

Adapts foot to ground

Question 25

Plantar Fascia

Answer 25

Stabilisation of the medial longitudinal arch and helps propel the body forward. Connects calcaneus to phalanges Common injury: plantar fasciitis

Question 26

Pronation

Answer 26

Eversion and dorsi flexion

Question 27

Supination

Answer 27

Inversion and plantar flexion

Question 28

Four muscle compartments of the foot and ankle

Answer 28

Anterior Lateral Deep posterior Superficial posterior

Question 29

Superficial posterior muscles in the foot and ankle

Answer 29

Gastrocnemius Soleus Plantaris

Question 30

Movement caused by superficial posterior muscles in the foot and ankle

Answer 30

Plantarflexion

Question 31

Deep posterior muscles in the foot and ankle

Answer 31

Flexor Digitorum Longus Flexor hallucis Longus Tibialis Posterior Popliteus

Question 32

Movements caused by deep posterior muscles in the foot and ankle

Answer 32

Plantarflexion Inversion Flexion of toes

Question 33

Anterior muscles in the knee and ankle

Answer 33

Tibialis anterior Extensor Hallucis Longus Extensor Digitorum Longus Peroneus Tertius

Question 34

Movements caused by anterior muscles in the foot and ankle

Answer 34

Dorsiflexion Inversion Eversion Extension of toes

Question 35

Lateral muscles in the foot and ankle

Answer 35

Peroneus Longus Peroneus Brevis

Question 36

Movements caused by lateral muscles in the foot and ankle

Answer 36

Plantarflexion and eversion

Question 37

Origins of gastrocnemius

Answer 37

(M): Posterior of the medial femoral condyle (L): Posterior of the lateral femoral condyle

Question 38

Insertion of the gastrocnemius

Answer 38

Posterior surface of calcaneus via Achilles tendon

Question 39

Innervation of gastrocnemius

Answer 39

Tibial nerve

Question 40

Palpation of gastrocnemius

Answer 40

Upper half of posterior lower leg

Question 41

Soleus origin

Answer 41

Posterior of proximal fibula and proximal 2/3s of posterior tibia

Question 42

Innervation of soleus

Answer 42

Tibial nerve

Question 43

Palpation of soleus

Answer 43

Under gastrocnemius - easier when knee is flexed

Question 44

Origin of tibialis anterior

Answer 44

Upper 2/3 of lateral surface of tibia

Question 45

Insertion of tibialis anterior

Answer 45

Inner surface of medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal

Question 46

Origin of tibialis posterior

Answer 46

Posterior surface of the upper half of interosseus membrane and adjacent surfaces of tibia and fibula.

Question 47

Insertion of soleus

Answer 47

Posterior of calcaneus via achilles tendon

Question 48

Insertion of tibialis posterior

Answer 48

Inferior surfaces of navicular, cuneiforms, cuboid and bases of 2nd, 3rd and 4th metatarsal

Question 49

Plantarflexors

Answer 49

Gastrocnemius Soleus Tibialis Posterior FDL FHL Peroneus Longus Peroneus Brevis

Question 50

Dorsiflexors

Answer 50

Tibialis Anterior EDL EHL Peroneus Tertius

Question 51

Invertors

Answer 51

Tibialis Anterior Tibialis Posterior FDL FHL

Question 52

Evertors

Answer 52

Peroneus Longus Peroneus Brevis Peroneus Tertius EDL

Question 53

3 shapes of foot arches

Answer 53

Pes planus (flat-footed) Neutral Pes cavus (high arch)

Question 54

Pronation of the foot

Answer 54

Eversion and dorsi flexion

Question 55

Supination of the foot

Answer 55

Inversion and plantar flexion