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Level 3 PT Course YMCA Online > Bones and Joints > Flashcards

Bones and Joints Flashcards

(81 cards)

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1
Q

What are the 3 planes of movement

A

Sagittal, frontal, transverse

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2
Q

distal

A

furthest away from center of body

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3
Q

lateral

A

outwards

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4
Q

medial

A

towards midline

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5
Q

proximal

A

closest to center of body

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6
Q

unilateral

A

produced by only one limb

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7
Q

bilateral

A

both sides of body

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8
Q

cotralateral

A

opposite side

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9
Q

ipsilateral

A

same side

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10
Q

which plane of movement gets the least attention

A

transverse

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11
Q

Bone/Muscle/Weight

A

lever/effort/load

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12
Q

First class lever

A

weight and force are op opposite side of lever

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13
Q

example of 1st class lever

A

elbow joint where lower arm is extended- tricep is force, elbow is fulcrum, hand is load

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14
Q

second class lever

A

force is applied at one end of the lever, fulcrum at the other end located in the middle is the load

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15
Q

example of 2nd class lever

A

ankle joint where ball of foot is fulcrum gastrocnemius is effort, resistance is foot pushing to floor

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16
Q

third class lever

A

effort is applied between load and fulcrum most skeletal muscles

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17
Q

example of third class lever

A

biceps lifting the forearm, anything carried is the load

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18
Q

which lever is at a mechanical disadvantage

A

1st

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19
Q

which lever sacrifices speed and ROM

A

2nd class

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20
Q

Bones and joints of shoulder girdle

A

acromioclavicular joint, clavicle, sternoclavicular joint, glenohumeral joint, scapula

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21
Q

acromioclavicular joint

A

scapula and clavicle meet gliding synovial joint at the top of shoulder

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22
Q

sternovlavicular joint

A

where clavicle articulates with sternum gliding synovial joint w. a cartilaginous disc tha absorbs stress

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23
Q

glenohumeral joint

A

proximal end of humerus rounded to form ball of shoulder joint which articulates with the glenoid cavity

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24
Q

glenoid cavity

A

shallow socket at top lateral edge of scapula

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25
scapula
triangular shaped flat bone depression in upper lateral corner forms socket for shoulder joint projection of bone above socket is called acromin
26
movements in shoulder
ab/adduction, flexion and extension
27
vertebral column made of
irregular bones with transverse process from each side and posterior process at the rear
28
Spine
Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacrum, Coccyx
29
Atlas and Axis movement
flex, extend, laterally flex, rotation
30
cervical vertebrae movement
lateral flexion, flexion, extension and rotation
31
thoracic vertebrae
larger than cervical to support more weight attachment points for each rib
32
thoracic vertebrae ROM
moderate flexion, extension, lateral flexion, rotation
33
lumbar vertebrae
largest and strongest to support most weight
34
lumbar vertebrae mobility
least mobility, limited
35
sacrum
fused together to form a solid triangular bone at sacroiliac joint
36
coccyx
fused
37
joints of elbow and forearm
humerouilna joint, proximal radioulnar joint, humeroradia joint, distal radioulnar joint
38
olecranon process
prominent bone of elbow- bony projection of ulna
39
humeroulina joint
pure hinge joint of elbow where humerus articulates with ulna flexion and extension
40
proximal radioulnar joint
radius & ulna touch to form a point, forearm pronates and supinates, radius pivots around ulna
41
humeroradial joint
forming lateral part of elbow, humerus articulates with radius pronate and supinate the forearm
42
distal radioulnar joint
radius and ulna meet again at wrist to form a pivot joint used during pronation and supination
43
Bones and joints of wrist and hand
wrist joint, carpals, base of thumb, metacarpals, phalanges
44
wrist joint
condyloid joint radius and ulna meet carpals flexion & extension, abdustion, adduction, circumduction \*can't rotate
45
carpals
8 short bones make up the first part of the hand articulates with others with a synovial gliding joint for small movements
46
base of thumb
saddle joint allows opposition of thumb and fingers
47
metacarpals
5 big bits of fingers condyloid joint at the distal end allowing movement but not rotation
48
phalanges
3 in each finger prosimal, medial and distal hinge joints in between
49
carpal tunnel syndrome
wrist is hyperextended and repeatedly bumped, can irritate nerves
50
bones and joints of pelvic girdle
ilium, sacrum, sacroiliac joint, greater tonchonter, hip joint, lesser tronchonter, pubis symphasis, pubic bone, ischium
51
movements of pelvic girdle
flecion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal and external rotation
52
Ilium
forms bowl shape of pelvis, protects organs inside large surfac area for attachment of glutes
53
sacrum
sits at bottom of vertebral colum
54
sacroiliac joint
limited movement, most will happen with younger people. synovial cavity that fuese later in life
55
greater trochonter
bony prominence on outside of top of femur- attachment point for lots of muscles- mainly hip abductors
56
hip joint
head of femur and cetabulum
57
less trochonter
small bony pit inside femur attachment for psoas major and iliacus
58
publis symphasis
2 pubic bones curve arouns to form a slightly movable cartilaginous joint
59
pubic bone
anterior portion of pelvic girdle, adductors originate here
60
ischium
sits bones, attachments for hamstrings
61
women are more prone to ___ because \_\_\_
hip, knee, ankle and foot issues because angle of femur to knee is less vertical
62
bones and joints of knee and lower leg
patella, tibia, fibia prepatella bursa, media collateral, cruciate ligaments, meniscus
63
movement at knee
flexion and extension, internal and external rotation, hinge joint with some rotation while flexed
64
patella
sesamoi bone that protects knee and helps quads pull at an efficient angle
65
tibia
thick, weight bearing bone of lower leg
66
which lower leg bone bears weight
tibia
67
fibia
thin, non weight breaing bone
68
prepatellar bursa
fludi filled sac that acts as a cushion several in the knee, can become inflamed or irritated
69
medial collateral
inside & outside of knee joint reinforce and stabilize against side bending but offer less support when bent
70
cruciate ligaments
diagonally inside knee- help support knee by resisting front and back forces
71
meniscus
2 crescent shaped pieces of cartilage, medial and lateral meniscae
72
bones and joints of ankle and foot
calcaneus, talas, sub-talar joint, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges
73
74
calcanues
heel insertion point for achilles tendon
75
talas
articulates with the tibia and fibia to for ankle joint hinge joint- dorsi and plantar flexion
76
sub-talar joint
inferior surface of talus articulates with calcanaues and or ther tarsal bones inversion and eversion movements originate here
77
tarsals
instep of foot similar to carpals synovial gliding joints to allow give in the foot
78
metatarsals
more stable than meta carpals but less movement
79
phalanges
proximal, medial and distal hinge joint between them
80
longitudinal arch
front to bak of foot to provide balance and absord shock
81
transverse arch
from one side of foor to other, toe to toe

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