Endocrine System

Question 1

What is the endocrine system’s job

Answer 1

react to environment and create homeostasis

Question 2

negative feedback loop

Answer 2

when levels in the body such as blood sugar and temperature increase, sensors in the body trigger responses to bring levels back to normal

Question 3

positive feedback loops

Answer 3

cause levels to move further away from normal i.e. estrogen during period

Question 4

parathyroid glands

Answer 4

4 at surface of thyroid secrete parathyroid hormone which regulates levels of calcium in blood

Question 5

pancreas

Answer 5

produces hormones, insulin and glucogen

Question 6

ovaries

Answer 6

secrete estrogen and progesterone

Question 7

hypothalamus

Answer 7

master gland

at the base of brain- link between nervous and endocrine systems

Question 8

thyroid

Answer 8

secretes thyroxin which stimulates metabolism in all cells

-reduced basal metabolism means an increase in weight

Question 9

adrenal gland

Answer 9

• on top of kidney
• hormones in response to stress, fear & excitement

Question 10

medualla

Answer 10

Core of adrenal gland

releases catecholamines, adrenaline and noradrenaline (fight or flight)

Question 11

what are the flight or flight hormones

Answer 11

adrenaline, noradrenaline and catecholamines

Question 12

cortex

Answer 12

outer layers of adrenal gland

-corticosteroid hormones (cortisol) made here

Question 13

testes

Answer 13

secrete testosterone

Question 14

pituitary gland

Answer 14

growth hormone and blood and water content

Question 15

anterior of pituitary gland

Answer 15

secretes growth hormone under control of hypothalamus

Question 16

what kind of hormone is growth hormone

Answer 16

anabolic

• important for tissue growth
• kids have higher levels
• intense resistance training can stimular small increases

Question 17

posterior pitutiary gland

Answer 17

secretes blood water content and lactation

secretes traphic hormones that act as messengers and controllers of other endocrine glands

Question 18

parathyroid gland

Answer 18

rear surface of thyroid gland

regulates levels of calcium in blood, muscle contraction and nerve impulse transition

Question 19

adrenaline and noradrenaline

Answer 19

increase heart rate, breathing, muscle tone and alertness

blood flow directed to working muscles, digestive system shuts down

fat mobilized from adipose tissue

glycogen broken down to provide glucose for fuel

released just before and during intense exercise

Question 20

corticosteroid hormones

Answer 20

levels rise under chronic stress, reduce immune function and metabolism

Question 21

hormones are made from

Answer 21

lipid (fat) or amino acids (protein)

Question 22

peptides

Answer 22

made of proteins, fast acting and short lived

(insulin)

Question 23

steroids

Answer 23

slow acting, long lasting hormones controlled by feedback

Question 24

cortisol

Answer 24

regulares BP, blood sugar and insulin levels

aids in fat, carb and protein metabolism

fight response

supresses acute inflamation

too much can supress thyroid, blood sugar balance, bone density, muscle tissue and increase fat in your tum

Question 25

growth hormone

Answer 25

produced in hypothalamus/pituitary - stimulate protein synthesis and bone strength, muscle tone and development - strength of tendons, ligaments and cartilage decreases use of glucose increases fat as fuel cortisol can inhibit intense exercise can release

Question 26

testosterone

Answer 26

exercise can increase production regulated via negative feedback

Question 27

adrenaline (epinephrine)

Answer 27

sympathetic hormone produced in response to stress and exercise also raises glucose and lipids in blood

Question 28

estrogen

Answer 28

increases fat breakdown from body fat stores to be used as fuel elevates mood, increases libido overtraining can reduce estrogen and lead to osteoperosis

Question 29

thyroid hormones

Answer 29

exercise can reduce symptoms of thyroid disorders strenuous exercise can cause thyroid issues

Question 30

insulin and glucagon

Answer 30

secreted by pancreas to maintain blood glucose levels - after eating insulin is secreted to help move glucose into blood cells - when blood glucose levels drop, glucagon is secreted to increase blood glucose levels to stimulare breakdown of glycogen

Question 31

insulin levels during exercise

Answer 31

drop

Question 32

muscle contraction and glucose

Answer 32

contractions allow cells to take up glucose and use it for energy

Question 33

people with diabetes risks should

Answer 33

have some form of fast acting card with exercise

Question 34

parathyroid hormone

Answer 34

controls levels of blood calcium to maintain muscle contraction and nerve impulse transmission

Question 35

pancreas

Answer 35

insulin and glucagon- controls blood sugar levels

Question 36

ovaries

Answer 36

estrogen and progesterone promote feminization

Question 37

hypothalamus and pituitary

Answer 37

growth hormone increase fat metabolism, glycogen synthesis, blood glucose levels -promotes growth in children and muscle mass

Question 38

thyroid

Answer 38

thyroxine increases fat metabolism, glycogen synthesis, blood glucose levels, growth and muscle mass

Question 39

adrenals

Answer 39

adrenaline and noradrenaline facilitate sympathetic nervois system fight or flight response regulate stress response and immune response control of card, fat and protein metabolism

Question 40

testes

Answer 40

testosterone masculinization