Bones And Muscles

Question 2

What is the primary structural unit of compact bone?

Answer 2

The Haversian system (or osteon). Cartilage cells multiply and emerge at the epiphyseal side, resulting in bone growth.

Question 3

True or False: The Haversian system is only found in spongy bone.

Answer 3

False.

Question 4

Fill in the blank: The central canal of the Haversian system contains __________.

Answer 4

blood vessels and nerves.

Question 5

What are the concentric rings of bone matrix in the Haversian system called?

Answer 5

Lamellae.

Question 6

Multiple Choice: What is the function of the canaliculi in the Haversian system? A) Transport nutrients B) Store fat C) Produce red blood cells D) None of the above

Answer 6

A) Transport nutrients.

Question 7

What type of cells are found in the Haversian system that maintain bone tissue?

Answer 7

Osteocytes.

Question 8

True or False: Haversian canals run perpendicular to the length of the bone.

Answer 8

False.

Question 9

What is the significance of the interstitial lamellae in the Haversian system?

Answer 9

They fill the spaces between Haversian systems and represent remnants of older osteons.

Question 10

Short Answer: How do nutrients and waste products exchange between blood vessels and osteocytes?

Answer 10

Through canaliculi.

Question 11

Fill in the blank: The Haversian system is named after the anatomist __________.

Answer 11

Clopton Havers.

Question 12

What is a strain and sprain?

Answer 12

A Strain is a Tear in a Tendon. ST

SPrain is tear in Ligament. LP

Question 13

True or False: A strain affects muscles or tendons.

Answer 13

True

Question 14

Fill in the blank: A common symptom of both sprains and strains is ______.

Answer 14

pain

Question 15

Which of the following is a common cause of a sprain? (A) Lifting weights (B) Twisting an ankle (C) Running on a treadmill

Answer 15

B) Twisting an ankle

Question 16

What is the primary treatment method for mild sprains and strains?

Answer 16

Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation (RICE)

Question 17

Joint movements

Question 18

What is the most common primary long bone malignant cancer in children?

Answer 18

Osteosarcoma

Question 19

True or False: Osteosarcoma primarily affects the long bones of the body.

Answer 19

True

Question 20

Fill in the blank: The peak incidence of osteosarcoma occurs during __________.

Answer 20

adolescence

Question 21

Which of the following is a common symptom of osteosarcoma? A) Weight gain B) Joint pain C) Skin rash

Answer 21

B) Joint pain

Question 22

What type of imaging is typically used to diagnose osteosarcoma? Percent of lung Mets

Answer 22

X-ray and MRI. 25% of children have lung mets on diagnosis

Question 23

What is Paget’s disease?

Answer 23

A chronic bone disorder that can result in enlarged and misshapen bones. Clinical manifestation may include cranial nerve dysfunction with impaired motor function.

Question 24

True or False: Paget’s disease primarily affects the skull, pelvis, and spine.

Answer 24

True

Question 25

Fill in the blank: Paget's disease is characterized by __________ of bone remodeling. Mnemonics

Answer 25

abnormal regulation. Paget, Pain (PB & J pain in bone and joints) sPots of chaotic bone, Poor quality hyPervascular bones, Pathological bones, Philosopher (occurs in older people), Great Britain (white folks) most common, Polyfactorial, Pelvis, lumbar sPine, scaPula, tiBia, osteoBlasts, PiPing hot over pagetitic bone, Bone Biopsy to rule our sarcoma, chaotic juxtaPosition, nerve imPingement, neoPlastic degeneration, bone scan shows Blastic lesions with increased uPtake on scintigraphy, 3 phases of early, intermediate and late oPtimize calcium, Phosphorous, PTH, BisPhosphonates.

Question 26

Which of the following is a common symptom of Paget's disease? A) Fever B) Bone pain C) Skin rash

Answer 26

B) Bone pain

Question 27

What is the primary cause of Paget's disease?

Answer 27

The exact cause is unknown, but it may involve genetic factors and viral infections.

Question 28

What is the definition of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA)?

Answer 28

Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) is a term used to describe a group of autoimmune inflammatory diseases that affect children and cause persistent joint inflammation. Affects primarily the large joints.

Question 29

True or False: JIA can only affect the knees and elbows.

Answer 29

False: JIA can affect any joint in the body, including hands, feet, and spine.

Question 30

Fill in the blank: The main symptom of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis is __________.

Answer 30

joint pain and swelling

Question 31

Which type of JIA is characterized by the involvement of four or more joints within the first six months of illness?

Answer 31

Polyarticular JIA

Question 32

What is the primary goal of treatment for Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis?

Answer 32

The primary goal of treatment for JIA is to control inflammation, relieve pain, and prevent joint damage.

Question 33

Lab values

Question 34

Acral-lentiginous melanoma

Answer 34

Characterized by blue-black irregular macules, papules, nodules on palms, soles of feet, mucous membranes. Predominantly in men, 20-60, 30-75% AA, Asians, Hispanics.

Question 36

Neurogenic bladder

Answer 36

Urinary bladder malfxn due to neurological dysfxn emanating from internal or external trauma, disease or injury. Can have detrusor hyperreflexia without dyssynergia. Can have detrusor under or over activity, depending on site of neurological insult.