Bones of the Hindlimb Flashcards
(154 cards)
1
Q
What are the bones of the hindlimb?
A
hip, femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges (digits)
2
Q
What is another name for the os coxa (ossa coxarum)?
A
Hip bone. Formed by the fusion of 3 primary bones.
3
Q
What is the pelvic girdle comprised of?
A
2 hip bones united at the pelvic symphysis midventrally which join the sacrum dorsally
4
Q
What are the 3 main bones of the pelvic girdle, or pelvis?
A
- ilium
- ischium
- pubis
they are fused.
5
Q
Which part of the pelvic girdle is the largest, most cranial, and articulates with the sacrum?
A
ilium
6
Q
Which part of the pelvic girdle is the most caudal?
A
ischium
7
Q
Which part of the pelvic girdle is ventromedial to the ilium, and cranial to the large obturator foramen?
A
pubis
8
Q
Where does the pelvis unite mid-ventrally?
A
symphysis pubis
9
Q
What is the name of the large foramen in the pelvis?
A
obturator foramen
10
Q
What/where is the acetabulum?
A
ball and socket joint of the hip, it is where all 3 bones of the hip meet and articulate with the greater head of the femur
11
Q
The pelvic canal is also called the _______.
A
birth canal
12
Q
What are the 2 parts of the pelvic (birth) canal?
A
pelvic inlet and outlet
13
Q
What makes up the lateral wall of the pelvic canal?
A
ilium, ischium, and pubis
14
Q
Describe the wing of the ilium.
A
Smooth, flares at the cranial portion and then tapers down narrowly into the body caudally
15
Q
What is the part of the ilium where the borders meet called?
A
the spine
16
Q
What makes up the tuber sacrale?
A
The cranial and caudal dorsal iliac spine
17
Q
What makes up the tuber coxae?
A
cranial ventral iliac spine
caudal ventral iliac spine
18
Q
What is the origin of the rectus femoris?
A
The lateral area for the rectus femoris
19
Q
Label the parts of the os coxa:
A
A- Ilium
B- Ischium
C- pelvis
20
Q
Where does the hip articulate with the sacral bone?
A
The tuber sacrale
21
Q
Which muscles originate from the iliac crest?
A
sartorius m.
middle gluteal m.
22
Q
The lateral aspect of the ilium has a depression or fossa that forms what surface? What 2 muscles attach there?
A
gluteal surface;
1) middle gluteal muscle
2) deep gluteal muscle
23
Q
The medial surface of the ilium is rough and articulates with the sacrum, what is this surface called?
A
sacropelvic surface
24
Q
What/where is the arcuate line?
A
- It a border on the is on the ventral medial side of the body of the ilium
- serves as the attachment for the psoas muscles
(part of the iliopsoas muscle that helps the dog contract its hip and connects the lower spine to the thigh/femur)
25
How many bones make up the acetabulum at birth? When do they fuse?
4 bones, fuse at 3 months
26
What is the inherited orthopedic condition where the soft tissues that support the hip are looser than normal and the muscles that support the hip are poorly developed? The head of the femur slips in and out (subluxation) and becomes flattened like a mushroom.
hip dysplasia
- common in dogs, mostly larger dogs
-puppies show signs about 5-8 months of age
27
What are 5 symptoms of hip dysplasia?
- hip instability
- arthritis
- pain
- fragments of bone
- laxity (loose fit of hip joint)
28
What is the strongest bone in the body?
femur
29
The head of the femur articulates with the:
acetabulum (os coxa)
30
What are the parts of the proximal femur?
1) femoral head (inserts into the acetabulum)
2) neck
3) greater trochanter
4) lesser trochanter
31
What part of the femur do the gemelli and obturators insert into?
intertrochanteric fossa
32
Describe the body of the femur?
slightly convex cranially, with rough medial and lateral lips for muscle attachment
33
What are the parts of the distal femur?
1) trochlea
2) medial condyles
3) medial epicondyles
4) lateral condyles
5) lateral epicondyles
34
The trochlear groove (femur) articulates with the:
patella
35
what are the sesamoid bones in the gastrocnemius tendons called?
fabellae (caudally)
36
what part of the femur attaches the collateral ligaments?
the epicondyles
37
What is the origin of the gastrocnemius and superficial digital flexor muscles?
the supracondylar tuberosities
38
The extensor fossa (femur) gives rise to the _______.
long digital extensor m.
39
what is another name for the tarsus?
the hock
40
Where is the tarsus (hock)?
between the metatarsals and the leg
41
How many tarsal bones are there?
7
42
What are the names of the tarsal bones?
1) calcaneus
2) talus
3) central tarsal bone
4) tarsal bone I
5) tarsal bone II
6) tarsal bone III
7) tarsal bone IV
43
Which bones make up the proximal row of the tarsal bones?
- calcaneus
- talus
44
The calcaneus articulates distally with the ___ tarsal bone.
4th tarsal bone
45
Which bones make up the distal row of the tarsus
- 1st, 2nd, 3rd tarsal bones
- central tarsal bone
- 4th tarsal bone
46
Another name for hindpaw?
pes
47
Another name for forepaw?
manus
48
Which digit is frequently absent?
1st
49
The 1st digit is also referred to as the ___ when present.
dewclaw
50
Which bone of the appendicular skeleton has condyles in its proximal articular surface?
tibia
51
Which of the following is NOT true about the tarsus in dogs?
A) They are arranged in three irregular rows
B) They middle row consist of a single bone
C) The proximal row consists of three bones
D) The distal row consists of four bones
C - The proximal row consists of three bones is false. There are only 2 bones, the calcaneus and talus.
52
Which of the following is NOT true about the proximal row of the tarsus in dogs?
A) It has three bones
B) The first bone in its medial side is the ‘’talus”
C) The last bone on its lateral s the calcaneus
D) The first bone in its medial side articulates with the cochlea of the tibia
A - It has three bones is false...there are only 2, the calcaneus laterally and talus medially
53
What is the largest sesamoid bone in the leg?
patella
54
The gastrocnemius muscle in dogs has two sesamoid bones called the ________, one in each head of the muscle. They are embedded in the tendons of the gastrocnemius muscle
fabellae
55
# Left Lateral Pelvis
Name the highlighted structure:
body of the ischium
56
# Left Lateral Pelvis
Name the highlighted structure:
wing of the ilium
57
# Left Lateral Pelvis
Name the highlighted structure:
body of the ilium
58
# Left Lateral Pelvis
Name the highlighted structure:
pubis
59
# Left Lateral Pelvis
Name the highlighted structure:
cranial dorsal iliac spine
60
# Left Lateral Pelvis
Name the highlighted structure:
caudal dorsal iliac spine
61
# Left Lateral Pelvis
Name the highlighted structure:
cranial ventral iliac spine
62
# Left Lateral Pelvis
Name the highlighted structure:
caudal ventral iliac spine
63
# Left Lateral Pelvis
Name the highlighted structure (yellow):
acetabular fossa
(within the acetabulum [orange])
64
# Left Lateral Pelvis
Name the highlighted structure (yellow):
lunate surface
(within the acetabulum)
65
# Left Lateral Pelvis
Name the highlighted structure:
lesser ischiatic notch
66
# Left Lateral Pelvis
Name the highlighted structure:
greater ischiatic notch
67
# Left Lateral Pelvis
Name the highlighted structure:
gluteal surface
68
# Left Lateral Pelvis
Name the highlighted structure:
iliac crest
69
# Left Lateral Pelvis
Name the highlighted structure:
tuber coxae
70
# Left Lateral Pelvis
Name the highlighted structure:
tuber sacrale
71
# Left Lateral Pelvis
Name the highlighted structure:
wing of the ilium
72
Name the highlighted structure:
obturator sulcus
73
# Left Lateral Pelvis
Name the highlighted structure:
ischiatic spine
74
# Left Lateral Pelvis
Name the highlighted structure:
ramus of the ischium
75
# Left Lateral Pelvis
Name the highlighted structure:
cranial ramus
76
# Left Lateral Pelvis
Name the highlighted structure:
caudal ramus
77
# Left Lateral Pelvis
Name the highlighted structure:
pubic tubercle
78
Which part of the os coxa is referred to as the 'pin bone'?
ischiatic tuberosity
79
# Left Lateral Pelvis
Name the highlighted structure:
iliopubic eminence
80
The lesser ischiatic notch is bridged dorsally by the ___ _____.
sacrotuberous ligament
81
# Left Lateral Pelvis
Name the highlighted structure:
pecten
82
# Left Lateral Pelvis
Name the highlighted structure:
obturator foramen
83
Name the highlighted structure:
pelvic symphysis
84
# Left Lateral Pelvis
Name the highlighted structure:
ischiatic tuberosity
85
Where is the pelvic tubercule formed?
Where the right and left pectines meet one another on the ventral midline at the pubic symphysis
86
Which nerve passes through the obturator foramen?
obturator n.
87
What causes hip luxation/ coxofemoral luxation?
trauma. the femoral head slips out of the socket.
(the ligaments or soft tissues around the joint have been injured and are unable to keep the femoral head in place)
88
What 6 things course along the region of the popliteal surface?
- popliteal artery
- popliteal vein
- popliteal nerve
- popliteal lymph nodes
- tibial nerve
- peroneal nerve
89
Femur labeled diagram: use it to label parts of bones in person
:D
90
The femur is also known as the ____ _____.
ossa longa
91
What is the role of the patella?
to protect tendons and joints
92
What parts of the femur articulate with the tibia?
- lateral condyle
- medial condyle
- intercondylar fossa
93
# Femur
Please identify the **extensor fossa**
94
# Femur
Please identify the **facies aspera**
95
# Femur
Please identify the **femoral body**
96
# Femur
Please identify the **femoral head**
97
# Femur
Please identify the **fovea capitis femoris**
| (within femoral head)
98
# Femur
Please identify the **femoral neck**
99
# Femur
Please identify the **femoral trochlea**
100
# Femur
Please identify the **greater trochanter**
101
# Femur
Please identify the **intercondyler fossa**
102
# Femur
Please identify the **intertrochanteric crest**
103
# Femur
Please identify the **lateral condyle**
104
# Femur
Please identify the **lateral epicondyle of the femur**
105
# Femur
Please identify the **lateral supracondylar tuberosity**
106
# of tFemur
Please identify the **lesser trochanter**
107
# of tFemur
Please identify the **medial condyle**
108
# Femur
Please identify the **Medial epicondyle of the femur**
109
# Femur
Please identify the **medial supracondylar tuberosity**
110
What causes trochlear dysplasia?
Poor development of the femoral trochlea, leading to a shallow patellar groove that doesn't provide an area where the patella is supposed to rest in between the trochlea
111
# Femur
Please identify the **popliteal surface**
112
# Femur
Please identify the **third trochanter**
113
# Femur
Please identify the **trochanteric fossa**
114
The tibia is also referred to as the _____.
shin bone
115
The fibula/tibial area is referred to as the ____.
-crus
-true leg
116
What creates the tibial tuberosity?
sharp prominence at the cranial end of the proximal tibia
117
# Tibia
Name the highlighted structure:
Body of the tibia
118
# Tibia
Name the highlighted structure:
cranial border of the tibia
119
# Tibia
Name the highlighted structure:
extensor groove
120
# Tibia
Name the highlighted structure:
intercondylar eminence
121
# Tibia
Name the highlighted structure:
lateral condyle of the tibia
122
# Tibia
Name the highlighted structure:
medial condyle of the tibia
123
# Tibia
Name the highlighted structure:
medial malleolus
124
# Tibia
Name the highlighted structure:
popliteal notch/fossa
125
# Tibia
Name the highlighted structure:
tibial cochlea
126
# Tibia
Name the highlighted structure:
tibial tuberosity
127
The tibial tuberosity provides attachment for the ______ ___.
patellar ligament
(quadriceps femoris?)
128
# Hip articulation
Please identify the **femoral head**
129
# Hip articulation
Please identify the **greater trochanter**
130
# Hip articulation
Please identify the **lesser trochanter**
131
# Hip articulation
Please identify the **pubis**
132
# Pelvic limb
Please identify the **fabellae**
133
# Tibia/fibula
Please identify the **medial condyle of the tibia**
134
# Pelvis
Please identify the **pelvic tubercle**
135
Please identify the **patella**
136
# Tarsum
Please identify the **talus**
137
Which muscle passes through the extensor groove?
long digital extensor m.
138
The distal articular surface of the tibia forms two deep grooves, together called the ______.
cochlea
139
The cochlea articulates with the _____.
talus
140
The tibial tuberosity provides attachment for the ___ ____.
patellar ligament
141
The head of the fibula articulates with the:
lateral condyle of the tibia
142
The body of the fibula is attached to the adjacent
tibia in life by a:
collagenous interosseous membrane
143
Is the fibula weight-bearing?
No (essentially)
144
# Fibula
Name the highlighted structure:
fibular body
145
Name the highlighted structure:
fibular head
146
# Fibula
Name the highlighted structure:
lateral malleolus
147
What is included as part of the pes?
- tarsals
- metatarsals
- phalanges/digits
148
# Tarsus
Please identify the **1st tarsal**
149
# Tarsus
Please identify the **2nd tarsal**
150
# Tarsus
Please identify the **3rd tarsal**
151
# Tarsus
Please identify the **4th tarsal**
152
# Tarsus
Please identify the **calcaneus**
153
# Tarsus
Please identify the **central tarsal bone**
154
# Tarsus
Please identify the **talus**
