Muscles of the Hindlimb (+ Crus) Flashcards
Origin, insertion, action, innervation, and identification of the hindlimb muscles. Primarily based off canine anatomy, but comparative anatomy is involved. Information pulled from many sources, but mostly my lectures. (161 cards)
1
Q
What 4 muscles are part of the caudal thigh (hamstring)?
A
- Biceps femoris
- Semitendinosus
- Semimembranosus
- Abductor
2
Q
What 4 muscles are part of the medial thigh?
A
- Sartorius (cranial + caudal)
- Gracilis
- Pectineus
- Adductor
3
Q
What 4 muscles are part of the lateral pelvis (rump)?
A
- Tensor fascia latae
- Superficial gluteal
- Middle gluteal
- Deep gluteal
4
Q
What 4 muscles are part of the caudal hip?
A
- Internal obturator
- Gemelli
- Quadratus femoris
- External obturator
5
Q
What 3 muscles are part of the cranial thigh?
A
- Quadriceps femoris
- Iliopsoas
- Sartorius
6
Q
What 3 muscles are part of the craniolateral leg (crus)?
A
- Cranial tibial
- Long digital extensor
- Fibularis longus
7
Q
What 4 muscles are part of the caudal leg (crus)?
A
- Gastrocnemius
- Superficial digital flexor
- Deep digital flexors
- Popliteus
8
Q
What is the ORIGIN of biceps femoris?
A
Ischiatic tuberosity
9
Q
What is the INSERTION of biceps femoris?
A
Patella, fascia lata, crural fascia
10
Q
What is the ACTION of biceps femoris?
A
- extends hip
- flexes stifle (knee)
- extends hock (ankle)
- Stabilizes hip and stifle
11
Q
What is the INNERVATION of biceps femoris?
A
sciatic nerve
12
Q
What is the ORIGIN of the semitendinosus?
A
Ischiatic tuberosity
13
Q
What is the INSERTION of the semitendinosus?
A
- Crural fascia to medial body of tibia
- tuber calcanei
14
Q
What is the ACTION of the semitendinosus?
A
- Extends hip
- Extends hock
- Flexes stifle
15
Q
What is the INNERVATION of the semitendinosus?
A
Sciatic nerve
16
Q
What is the ORIGIN of the semimembranosus?
A
Ischiatic tuberosity
17
Q
What is the INSERTION of the semimembranosus?
A
- Distal medial lip of femur
- Medial condyle of tibia
18
Q
What is the ACTION of the semimembranosus?
A
- Extends hip
- Extends stifle
(weight bearing) - Flexes stifle
(non-weight bearing)
19
Q
What is the INNERVATION of the semimembranosus?
A
Sciatic nerve
20
Q
What is the ORIGIN of the Caudal Crural Abductor (only in carnivores)?
A
Deep fascia of biceps femoris
21
Q
What is the INSERTION of the Caudal Crural Abductor (only in carnivores)?
A
Cranial crural fascia
22
Q
What is the ACTION of the Caudal Crural Abductor (only in carnivores)?
A
- flexes stifle joint
- abducts limb
23
Q
What is the INNERVATION of the Caudal Crural Abductor (only in carnivores)?
A
Sciatic nerve
24
Q
What is the ORIGIN of the Sartorius- Cranial head?
A
Iliac crest and
thoracolumbar fascia
25
What is the INSERTION of the Sartorius-Cranial head?
Patella
26
What is the ACTION of the Sartorius-Cranial head?
- Hip flexion
- Extends stifle
27
What is the INNERVATION of the Sartorius-Cranial head?
Femoral nerve
28
What is the ORIGIN of the Sartorius-Caudal/craniomedial head?
Ventral iliac spine/ventral border of the ilium
29
What is the INSERTION of the Sartorius-Caudal/craniomedial head?
Cranial border of tibia
30
What is the ACTION of the Sartorius-Caudal/craniomedial head?
- Hip flexion
- Flexes stifle
31
What is the INNERVATION of the Sartorius-Caudal/craniomedial head?
Femoral nerve
32
What is the ORIGIN of the Gracilis muscle?
Pelvic symphysis by symphysial tendon
33
What is the INSERTION of the Gracilis muscle?
- Cranial border of tibia
- Tuber calcanei
34
What is the ACTION of the Gracilis muscle?
- Extends hip and hock
- Adduct limb
- Flexes stifle
35
What is the INNERVATION of the Gracilis muscle?
Obturator nerve
36
What is the ORIGIN of the Pectenius muscle?
- Iliopubic eminence
- Prepubic tendon
37
What is the INSERTION of the Pectenius muscle?
The distal end of the medial lip of the caudal femur
38
What is the ACTION of the Pectenius muscle?
Adduct limb
39
What is the INNERVATION of the Pectenius muscle?
Obturator nerve
40
What is the ORIGIN of the Adductor muscle?
- Pelvic symphysis
- Ventral surface of pubis and ischium
41
What is the INSERTION of the Adductor muscle?
lateral lip of the femur
42
What is the ACTION of the Adductor muscle?
- Extends hip
- Adducts limb
43
What is the INNERVATION of the Adductor muscle?
Obturator nerve
44
What is the ORIGIN of the Tensor fasciae latae muscle?
Tuber coxae
45
What is the INSERTION of the Tensor fasciae latae?
Fascia latae (aka lateral femoral fascia)
46
What is the ACTION of the Tensor fasciae latae?
- Hip flexion
- Extends stifle
47
What is the INNERVATION of the Tensor fasciae latae?
Cranial gluteal nerve
48
Where is the ORIGIN of the Superficial gluteal muscle?
- Lateral sacrum
- Sacrotuberous ligament
49
Where is the INSERTION of the Superficial gluteal muscle?
Third trochanter (trochanter tertius)
50
What is the ACTION of the Superficial Gluteal muscle?
- Extends hip
- Abduct limb
51
What is the INNERVATION of the Superficial Gluteal?
Caudal gluteal nerve
52
What is the ORIGIN of the Middle Gluteal muscle (Gluteus Medius)?
Gluteal surface of ilium
53
What is the INSERTION of the Middle Gluteal muscle (Gluteus Medius)?
Greater trochanter
54
What is the ACTION of the Middle Gluteal muscle (Gluteus Medius)?
Extends and abducts hip, and medial rotation of thigh
55
What is the INNERVATION of the Middle Gluteal muscle (Gluteus Medius)?
Cranial gluteal nerve
56
What is the ORIGIN of the Deep Gluteal muscle?
Body of ilium
57
What is the INSERTION of the Deep Gluteal muscle?
Greater trochanter
58
What is the ACTION of the Deep Gluteal muscle?
Extends and abducts hip, and medial rotation of thigh
59
What is the INNERVATION of the Deep Gluteal muscle?
Cranial gluteal nerve
60
What is the ORIGIN of the Internal Obturator muscle?
- Pelvic symphysis
- Dorsal surface of ischium
- Pubis
61
What is the INSERTION of the Internal Obturator muscle?
Trochanteric fossa
62
What is the ACTION of the Internal Obturator?
Outward (lateral) rotation of hip
63
What is the INNERVATION of the Internal Obturator?
Sciatic nerve
64
What is the ORIGIN of the Gemelli muscle?
Lateral surface of ischium
65
What is the INSERTION of the Gemelli muscle?
Trochanteric fossa
66
What is the ACTION of the Gemelli muscle?
Outward (lateral) rotation of hip
67
What is the INNERVATION of the Gemelli muscle?
Sciatic nerve
68
What is the ORIGIN of the Quadratus Femoris muscle?
Caudoventral surface of ischium
69
What is the INSERTION of the Quadratus Femoris muscle?
Intertrochanteric crest
70
What is the ACTION of the Quadratus Femoris muscle?
Extends and outward (lateral) rotation of hip
71
What is the INNERVATION of the Quadratus Femoris muscle?
Sciatic nerve
72
What is the ORIGIN of the External Obturator muscle?
Ventral surface of pubis and ischium
73
What is the INSERTION of the External Obturator muscle?
Trochanteric fossa
74
What is the ACTION of the External Obturator muscle?
Outward (lateral) rotation of hip
75
What is the INNERVATION of the External Obturator muscle?
Obturator nerve
76
What is the ORIGIN of the Rectus Femoris muscle?
Rectus femoris
77
What is the INSERTION of the Rectus Femoris muscle?
Tibial tuberosity
78
What is the ACTION of the Rectus Femoris muscle?
Hip flexion, extends stifle
79
What is the INNERVATION of the Rectus Femoris muscle?
Femoral nerve
80
What is the ORIGIN of the Vastus lateralis muscle?
Lateral lip of femur
81
What is the INSERTION of the Vastus lateralis muscle?
Tibial tuberosity
82
What is the ACTION of the Vastus lateralis muscle?
Extends stifle
83
What is the INNERVATION of the Vastus lateralis muscle?
Femoral nerve
84
What is the ORIGIN of the Vastus intermedius muscle?
Cranial surface of femur
85
What is the INSERTION of the Vastus intermedius muscle?
Tibial tuberosity
86
What is the ACTION of the Vastus intermedius muscle?
Extends stifle
87
What is the INNERVATION of the Vastus intermedius muscle?
Femoral nerve
88
Where is the ORIGIN of the Vastus medialis muscle?
Craniomedial aspect of femur
89
What is the INSERTION of the Vastus medialis muscle?
Tibial tuberosity
90
What is the ACTION of the Vastus medialis muscle?
Extends stifle
91
What is the INNERVATION of the Vastus medialis muscle?
Femoral nerve
92
What is the ORIGIN of the Iliopsoas muscle?
Lumbar vertebrae and cranioventral border of ilium
93
What is the INSERTION of the Iliopsoas muscle?
Lesser trochanter
94
What is the ACTION of the Iliopsoas muscle?
Hip and lumbar vertebral flexion
95
What is the INNERVATION of the Iliopsoas muscle?
Femoral nerve and ventral branches of lumbar spinal nerve
96
What is the ORIGIN of the Popliteus muscle?
Popliteal fossa
97
What is the INSERTION of the Popliteus muscle?
Caudal/ medial proximal tibia
98
What is the ACTION of the Popliteus muscle?
- Flexes stifle
- Medial rotation
- Stabilizes knee (stifle)
99
What is the INNERVATION of the Popliteus muscle?
Tibial nerve
100
What is the ORIGIN of the Gastrocnemius muscle?
Lateral and medial supracondylar tuberosity
101
What is the INSERTION of the Gastrocnemius muscle?
Tuber calcanei
102
What is the ACTION of the Gastrocnemius muscle?
Flexes stifle, extends tarsus
103
What is the INNERVATION of the Gastrocnemius muscle?
Tibial nerve
104
What is the ORIGIN of the Superficial Digital Flexor muscle?
Lateral supracondylar tuberosity
105
Where is the INNERVATION of the Superficial Digital Flexor muscle?
Middle phalanx P2 (digits II-V)
106
What is the ACTION of the Superficial Digital Flexor?
Flexes stifle and digits, extends tarsus
107
What is the INNERVATION of the Superficial Digital Flexor?
Tibial nerve
108
What is the ORIGIN of the Lateral Digital Flexor muscle?
- Caudal tibia
- Caudal fibula
109
What is the INSERTION of the Lateral Digital Flexor muscle?
Distal phalanx P3 (digits II-V)
110
What is the ACTION of the Lateral Digital Flexor muscle?
- Flexes stifle
- Flexes digits
- Extends tarsus
111
What is the INNERVATION of the Lateral Digital Flexor muscle?
Tibial nerve
112
What is the ORIGIN of the Medial Digital Flexor muscle?
Caudomedial tibia
113
What is the INSERTION of the Medial Digital Flexor muscle?
Distal phalanx P3 (digits II-V)
114
What is the ACTION of the Medial Digital Flexor muscle?
- Flexes stifle
- Flexes digits
- Extends tarsus
115
What is the INNERVATION of the Medial Digital Flexor muscle?
Tibial nerve
116
What is the ORIGIN of the Caudal Tibial muscle?
Proximocaudal aspect of tibia
117
What is the INSERTION of the Caudal Tibial muscle?
Medial ligament of tarsus
118
What is the ACTION of the Caudal Tibial muscle?
- Extends tarsus,
- Pronation of pes
119
What is the INNERVATION of the Caudal Tibial muscle?
Tibial nerve
120
What is the ORIGIN of the Cranial Tibial muscle?
Lateral tibial crest
121
What is the INSERTION of the Cranial Tibial muscle?
Metatarsal I and II
122
What is the ACTION of the Cranial Tibial muscle?
- Flexes tarsus
- Medial rotation of pes
123
What is the INNERVATION of the Cranial Tibial muscle?
Deep fibular nerve
124
What is the ORIGIN of the Long Digital Extensor muscle?
Extensor fossa/groove of tibia
125
What is the INSERTION of the Long Digital Extensor muscle?
Distal phalanx P3 (digits II-V)
126
What is the ACTION of the Long Digital Extensor muscle?
Flexes tarsus, extends digits
127
What is the INNERVATION of the Long Digital Extensor muscle?
Deep fibular nerve
128
What is the ORIGIN of the Fibularis Longus muscle?
Lateral tibial condyle and fibular head
129
What is the INSERTION of the Fibularis Longus muscle?
- Plantar metatarsal
- 4th tarsal bone
130
What is the ACTION of the Fibularis Longus muscle?
- Flexes tarsus
- Pronation of pes
131
What is the INNERVATION of the Fibularis Longus muscle?
Deep fibular nerve
132
What is the ORIGIN of the Fibularis Brevis muscle?
Fibular shaft
133
What is the INSERTION of the Fibularis Brevis muscle?
Proximal metatarsals V
134
What is the ACTION of the Fibularis Brevis muscle?
Flexes tarsus
135
What is the INNERVATION of the Fibularis Brevis muscle?
Deep fibular nerve
136
What is the ORIGIN of the Lateral Digital Extensor muscle?
Proximal fibula
137
What is the INSERTION of the Lateral Digital Extensor muscle?
Distal phalanx P3 (digits V)
138
What is the ACTION of the Lateral Digital Extensor muscle?
Extends the 5th digit
139
is the INNERVATION of the Lateral Digital Extensor muscle?
Superficial fibular nerve
140
What 4 muscles make up the Quadriceps femoris?
- Rectus Femoris
- Vastus lateralis
- Vastus intermedius
- Vastus medialis
141
What are the 3 heads of the Deep Digital Flexor muscle?
- Lateral Digital Flexor
- Medial Digital Flexor
- Caudal Digital Flexor (may be absent)
142
What is the Gluteocbiceps muscle? What animals have this muscle?
- superficial gluteal muscle fused with the biceps femorus
- Ruminants & bovine
143
Which 6 muscles extend the hip?
- Gluteal muscles (superficial, middle, deep)
- Biceps femoris
- Semitendinosus
- Semimembranosus
144
Which 3 muscles flex the hip?
- Sartorius
- Rectus femoris
- Iliopsoas
145
Which 3 muscles adduct the hip?
- Gracilis
- Adductor
- Pectineus
146
Which 2 muscles extend the stifle?
- Quadriceps femoris
- Sartorius (cranial head)
147
Which 4 muscles flex the stifle?
- Biceps femoris
- Semitendinosus
- Semimembranosus
- Sartorius (caudal head)
148
Which muscle extends the tarsus?
- Gastrocnemius
149
Which 3 muscles flex the tarsus?
- Cranial tibial
- Fibularis longus
- Long digital extensor
150
Which 2 muscles extend the digits?
- Long digital extensor
- Lateral digital extensor
151
Which 2 muscles flex the digits?
- Superficial digital flexor
- Deep digital flexors
(lateral digital flexor, medial digital flexor, caudal tibial muscle)
152
Which muscles are part of the Caudal group of the Crus?
- Gastrocnemius
- Superficial digital flexor (SDF)
- Deep digital flexor (DDF)
- popliteus
153
Which muscles are part of the Craniolateral group of the Crus?
- Cranial tibia
- Long digital extensor
- Fibularis longus
- Breves
- Lateral digital extensor
154
Are there any muscles on the medial aspect of the crus?
No
(this makes it a good surgical site)
155
What muscles are superficial to the popliteal muscle?
- Gastrocnemius
- Superficial digital flexor
156
What muscle is this? Please list the origin, insertion, action, and innervation.
Iliopsoas muscle
- Origin: Lumbar vertebrae and cranioventral border of ilium
- Insertion: Lesser trochanter
- Action: Hip and lumbar vertebral flexion
- Innervation: Femoral nerve and ventral branches of lumbar spinal nerve
157
The deep caudal portion of the middle gluteal is readily separated from the main muscle mass and is called the _____ muscle.
piriformis muscle
158
Identify the rectus femoris head of the quadriceps:
159
Identify the vastus lateralis head of the quadriceps:
160
Identify the vastus medialis head of the quadriceps:
161
This is a video for hindlimb muscles:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RN7CTj8mvZQ
