Bones Part 1

Question 1

List the 6 functions of bones:

Answer 1

1- support
2- protection of soft organs
3- movement
4- mineral storage (Ca and P)
5- blood cell production: bone marrow
6- triglyceride storage: yellow marrow (adipose)

Question 2

What type of marrow for babies and adults?

Answer 2

baby- red marrow
adult- yellow marrow

Question 3

What five ways are bones classified?

Answer 3

1- long
2- short
3- flat
4- irregular
5- sesamoid

Question 4

Femur and Humerus are examples of:

Answer 4

long bones

Question 5

Carpals and Tarsals are examples of:

Answer 5

short bones

Question 6

Scapula and Sternum are examples of:

Answer 6

flat bones

Question 7

Vertebrae is an example of:

Answer 7

irregular bone

Question 8

Patella is an example of:

Answer 8

sesamoid bone

Question 9

Which bone type is formed out of tendons?

Answer 9

sesamoid bones

Question 10

What is the prefix for bone cells?

Answer 10

“osteo”

Question 11

What are the 4 bone cells?

Answer 11

1- osteogenic
2- osteoblasts
3- osteocytes
4- osteoclasts

Question 12

Osteogenic cells

Answer 12

• stem cells
• only one to go through cell division
  -found in periosteum, endosteum, and canals that house blood vessels

Question 13

Osteoblasts

Answer 13

• bone builders
• secrete collagen fibers and extracellular matrix (Ca, P)

Question 14

Osteocytes

Answer 14

• mature bone cells
• maintain bone
• bring in nutrients and excrete waste via plasma membrane

Question 15

Osteoclast

Answer 15

• bone remodelers
• lysosomes secrete digestive enzymes to destroy bone

Question 16

Compact bone

Answer 16

• made of osteons
• heavy

Question 17

Spongy bone

Answer 17

• made of light weight
• trabecular

Question 18

Zone of resting cartilage

Answer 18

• provides a bridge between epiphysis and epiphysial plate
• small chondrocytes

Question 19

Zone of proliferating cartilage

Answer 19

• cell division (only zone) making chondrocytes

Question 20

Zone of hypertrophic cartilage

Answer 20

• mature chondrocytes to maintain bone

Question 21

Zone of calcified cartilage

Answer 21

• osteoclasts tear down cells
• replaced with new bone cells

Question 22

Intramembranous ossification

Answer 22

• forms flat bones skull, mandible, clavicle

Question 23

Endochondral ossification

Answer 23

• all other bones of skeleton form this way
• mesenchymal to cartilage to bone

Question 24

Greenstick fracture

Answer 24

• seen in children
• one side may fracture, other side bends

Question 25

Transverse fracture

Answer 25

- complete fracture - horizontal through bone

Question 26

Oblique fracture

Answer 26

- complete break at an angle

Question 27

Comminuted fracture

Answer 27

- complete break - bone fragments result - surgery is required

Question 28

Spiral fracture

Answer 28

- results from twisting - complete break

Question 29

Fissure fracture

Answer 29

- incomplete break

Question 30

What kind of bones are ankle?

Answer 30

short bones

Question 31

What kind of bone is the skull?

Answer 31

flat

Question 32

What kind of bone is the sternum?

Answer 32

flat

Question 33

Yellow marrow is...

Answer 33

adipose fat cells

Question 34

What are the 2 minerals found in the bone?

Answer 34

Calcium and Phosphorus

Question 35

What is the covering on the outside of the bone?

Answer 35

periosteum

Question 36

What is inside of the bone?

Answer 36

endosteum

Question 37

What are osteocytes surrounded by?

Answer 37

lacuna

Question 38

What is the name for a cartilage cell?

Answer 38

chondrocell

Question 39

What surrounds osetocytes?

Answer 39

circumferential lamellae

Question 40

What is the fetus skeleton made of?

Answer 40

hyaline cartilage

Question 41

What zone is mature cartilage found in?

Answer 41

hypertrophic