Bony Architecture of Back

Question 1

Describe the borders and location of the back.

Answer 1

• Location: posterior aspect of trunk
• Borders:
  
  • Superior: Cranial Region
  • Inferior: Gluteal Region

Question 2

Vertebra Prominens

Answer 2

Most superior prominent spinous process of vertebral column

• C7 (if moves) or T1 (stationary)

Question 3

Answer 3

Body

Weight-bearing portion

Question 4

Answer 4

Vertebral foramen

Question 5

Answer 5

Superior articular facet

Question 6

Answer 6

Superior costal facet

Question 7

Answer 7

Inferior costal facet

Question 8

Answer 8

Transverse process

Question 9

Answer 9

Pedicle

Question 10

Answer 10

Costal facet

Question 11

Answer 11

Spinous process

Question 12

Answer 12

Lamina

Question 13

What two bony landmarks are indicated? What do these bony landmarks form? What passes through these bony landmarks?

Answer 13

Inferior and Superior Vertebral Notches

• Together, they form the Intervertebral Foramina
  
  • ​Spinal nerves pass through here

Question 14

Answer 14

Transverse Costal Facet

Question 15

What type of vertebrae is this? What are the two distinguishing features of this vertebrae? What passes through the opening lateral to the body of this vertebra?

Answer 15

Cervical Vertebra

• Bifid spinous process
• Transverse Foramina
  
  • ​Vertebral artery passes through

Question 16

What forms the vertebral arch?

Answer 16

Two lamina and two pedicles

Question 17

Name the bony landmark. What muscle occupies this space?

Answer 17

Infraspinous Fossa

• Infraspinatus m.

Question 18

What bone is this? Indicate right or left. Name the bony landmark.

Answer 18

Scapula (right)

• Medial Border

Question 19

Name the bony landmarks.

Answer 19

Superior and Inferior Angles

Question 20

Name the bony landmark. What muscle occupies this space?

Answer 20

Supraspinous Fossa

• Supraspinatus m.

Question 21

Answer 21

Scapular Spine

Question 22

Answer 22

Coracoid Process

Question 23

Answer 23

Glenoid Fossa

Question 24

Answer 24

Acromion

Question 25

Name of the upper ridge of hip bone? What does this ridge allow you to locate?

Answer 25

**Iliac Crests** * **Bony Level L4 Spinous Process**

Question 26

What is the scientific term for *hip bones*?

Answer 26

**Ossa Coxae**

Question 27

Describe the regions of the vertebral column. How many vertebrae are in each region?

Answer 27

* **Cervical**: 7; neck * **Thoracic**: 12; articulate with ribs * **Lumbar**: 5; small of back * **Sacral**: 5; fused in *adult* * **Coccygeal**: 4; tail bone

Question 28

What are the **primary** curvatures of the vertebral column?

Answer 28

1. **Thoracic Curvature** 2. **Sacral Curvature** * Occur in flexing pattern (see image)* * *Develop in utero*

Question 29

What are the **secondary** curvatures of the vertebral column? When do these curvatures develop?

Answer 29

1. **Cervical curvature** * **​***Develops when _holding head up_ (3 months)* 2. **Lumbar curvature** * **​​***Develops when _starting to stand/walk​_ (9-15 months)*

Question 30

What vertebral region do ribs articulate with? Describe how they articulate.

Answer 30

**Thoracic** * Articulate between **two** adjacent vertebrae * _Head_ articulates with body (superior/inferior costal facet) * _Tubercle_ articulates with transverse process (transverse costal facet)

Question 31

What is the composition of intervertebral discs? What is their function? How much of the verterbral column length do they account for?

Answer 31

* **Anulus fibrosus**: * The peripheral _fibrocartilage_ * **Nucleus puposus**: * Central _gelatinous_ part * Function: **shock absorbers** * Make up **1/4 of the vertebral column**

Question 32

bco5905What is a **hearniated disc**? Where does it most commonly occur? Specifically describe what will be affected by a herniated disc.

Answer 32

* **Tear in anulus fibrosus** resulting in **protrusion of nucleus pulposus** in a **_posterolateral direction_** * Compress spinal nerve roots or cord on that side * Affect **nerve _below_** _and everything else_ * L4-L5 disc herniation affects **L5** spinal nerve * Rule consistent in cervical region (C5-C6 will affect C6) * Most commonly occurs in **cervical** and **lumbar** regions. * **Whiplash** (cervical) * **Orientation of pelvis while sitting** (lumbar)

Question 33

Answer 33

**Posterior Longitudinal Ligament** * Posterior to vertebral body

Question 34

Answer 34

**Anterior Longitudinal Ligament** * Anterior to vertebral body

Question 35

Ligamentum Flavum

Answer 35

* Between adjacent laminae

Question 36

Interspinous Ligaments

Answer 36

* Between spinous processes

Question 37

Supraspinous Ligament

Answer 37

* Superficial to spinous processes * Broadens at neck and is continuous with **ligamentum nuchae**