Bordeaux Flashcards
(134 cards)
1
Q
How many acres of total vineyards makes up Bordeaux?
A
300,000 acres
2
Q
What is the largest AOP region in France?
A
Bordeaux AOP
3
Q
Who made viticulture possible by creating drainage channels in the Medoc in the 17th century?
A
The Dutch
4
Q
What is the climate of Bordeaux?
A
Maritime
5
Q
What are the 3 moderating influences on Bordeaux’s climate?
A
Atlantic Ocean
Gironde estuary
Coastal Pine Forests
6
Q
What is the climate in St-Emilion and Pomerol vs. Medoc?
A
maritime but more continental than the Medoc
7
Q
What is used to combat fungal problems in Bordeaux?
A
the bordeaux mixture
8
Q
What’s in the Bordeaux Mixture?
A
lime
copper sulfate
water
9
Q
What are the 6 grapes allowed for Bordeaux AOP red wines?
A
Merlot Cabernet Sauvignon Cabernet Franc Petit Verdot Malbec Carmenère
10
Q
What is the french word for the blend in a wine?
A
assemblage
11
Q
What is the most planted grape in Bordeaux?
A
Merlot
12
Q
Which red grape is the earliest to ripen in Bordeaux?
A
Merlot
13
Q
What soil type does Merlot prefer?
A
Clay-based soils to delay its natural vigor
14
Q
What soil type does Cabernet Sauvignon prefer?
A
well-drained gravel to allow roots to dig deep
slight water stress adds concentration to the fruit
15
Q
What soil type does Cabernet Franc excel in?
A
limestone-based soils to promote acidity and freshness
16
Q
What is the french word for the different varieties grown in a vineyard?
A
encepagement
17
Q
What does Cabernet Sauvignon add to a wine?
A
structure
power
longevity
18
Q
What does Merlot contribute to a blend?
A
fleshy, juicy texture
softens Cabernet Sauvignon
19
Q
What does Cabernet Franc add to a blend?
A
herbal spice
red fruit aromatics
20
Q
What has more tannin, Merlot or Cabernet Franc?
A
Cabernet Franc
21
Q
What is a typical left-bank blend in Bordeaux?
A
2/3rds Cabernet Sauvignon
1/3rd Merlot, Cabernet Franc, and/or other
22
Q
What is a typical right-bank blend in Bordeaux?
A
¾ Merlot
¼ Cabernet Franc
23
Q
What is the last grape to ripen in Bordeaux?
A
Petit Verdot
24
Q
What does Petit Verdot contribute in a blend
A
color
depth
exotic perfume
25
What is Malbec known as in the Right Bank?
Pressac
26
What 3 grapes dominate basic Bordeaux AOP white blends?
Sémillon
Sauvignon Blanc
Muscadelle
27
What are the 3 minor grapes allowed in basic Bordeaux AOP white blends?
Ugni Blanc
Colombard
Merlot Blanc
28
What’s the max % of Ugni Blanc, Colombard, Merlot Blanc allowed in a basic Bordeaux AOP white blend?
max. 30%
29
What does Sauvignon Blanc contribute to a Bordeaux Blanc blend?
Pungency
High acidity
citrus flavors
30
What does Semillon contribute to a Bordeaux Blanc blend?
creamy, waxy texture
honey and beeswax aromas
with oak softens Sauvignon Blanc
31
What does Muscadelle impart in a Bordeaux Blanc blend?
(in small amounts) it imparts intense floral character
32
How long will top chateaux age Bordeaux reds?
up to 2 years in barriques (225 L)
large percentage of which will be new each year
33
How long are the best white wines from Bordeaux aged for?
12-16 months in barrel (new and used)
34
What’s the appellation for red and off-dry whites in Bordeaux with higher minimum alcohol content?
Bordeaux Supérieur AOP
35
What is the traditional method sparkling wine appellation for Bordeaux?
Crémant de Bordeaux AOP
36
What is the general left-bank Bordeaux appellation?
Medoc AOP
37
What is the region north of St.Estephe called?
Bas-Medoc
38
What is the name for the drainage channels in the Medoc?
jalles
39
Medoc AOP wines may only be what kind of wine?
Red
40
What grape is grown the most in the Bas-Medoc?
Merlot
41
What are the gravel mounds in the Haut-Medoc called?
croupes
42
What are the 6 main sub-regions on the Haut-Medoc (North to South)?
Saint-Estèphe
Pauillac
St. Julien
Listrac-Medoc
Moulis-en-Medoc
Margaux
43
When did Chateau Mouton-Rothschild elevate from second growth to first growth?
1973
44
What are the 2 less notable quality designations in Bordeaux?
Cru Artisan
| Cru Bourgeois
45
When was Cru Artisan formally recognized?
2002
46
As of 2005, how many producers are Cru Artisan?
44
47
How small must Cru Artisan producers be?
less than 5 hectares of vineyards
48
As of 2018, how often are Cru Artisan estates reviewed?
every 5 years
49
What are the 3 designations for Cru Bourgeois (as of 2018)?
Cru Bourgeois
Cru Bourgeois Exceptionnel
Cru Bourgeois Supérieur
50
When will Cru Bourgeois appear on labels again?
2020, reviews every 5 years
51
What is the northernmost commune appellation in Haut-Medoc?
St-Estephe
52
Which Haut-Medoc commune has slightly higher % of Merlot?
St-Estephe
53
How many first growths are located in St-Estephe?
none
54
What is the most notable producer in St-Estephe?
Chateau Cos d’Estournel (Super Second)
55
What are the three first growths in Pauillac?
Château Lafite Rothschild
Château Mouton-Rothschild
Château Latour
56
Why are Pauillac wines the most structured and long lived?
the gravel topsoil of the Haut-Medoc is at its deepest point
57
Latour vs Lafite styles
Latour: brooding depth and concentration
Lafite: emphasizes aromatics and elegance
58
What commune produces the least amount of wine in Haut-Medoc?
St-Julien AOP
59
What % of St-Julien AOP is cru classe?
80%
60
What are the 2 “super-seconds” of St. Julien
Chateau Leoville Las Cases
| Château Ducru-Beaucaillou
61
What is the most famous estate of Moulis-en-Medoc AOP?
Chateau Chasse-Spleen
62
What is the largest communal appellation of the Haut-Medoc?
Margaux
63
What are the 5 villages of Margaux?
```
Soussans
Margaux
Cantenac
Labarde
Arsac
```
64
What is the soil around the village of Margaux?
thin, sandy gravel over limestone
the croupes are more shallow compared to St-Julien or Pauillac
65
How many classified growths are located in Margaux?
21
66
How are Margaux wines generalized as?
floral bouquet
exotic character
finesse
67
What is the mix of sand, gravel and light clay soils in Graves called?
Boulbenes
68
2/3rds of Graves wines are what color?
red
69
When were the wines of Graves first classified?
1953
70
How many wines were added to the Graves Classification in 1959?
6
71
How many wines are classified cru classe for red wines in Graves?
13
72
How many wines are classified cru classe for white wines?
9
73
How many total estates in Graves are classified cru classe?
16 total
74
When was Pessac-Leognan AOP established?
1987
75
What is the sweet wine appellation in Graves?
Graves Superieur AOP
76
What are the 3 smaller sweet wine appellations in Graves Superieur?
Cerons
Barsac
Sauternes
77
What is the french word for noble rot/botrytis cinerea?
Pourriture Noble
78
Which appellation is less likely to show significant botrytis: Cerons, Barsac, or Sauternes
Cerons
79
How does botrytis form in Graves Superieur?
cool morning mist from the ciron river + warmer waters of the garonne = autumn afternoon humidity perfect for botrytis spores
80
What are the 3 categories of classified wines of Sauternes?
Premier Cru Superieur (only d’Yquem)
First Growth
Second Growth
81
What years did d’Yquem not produce a wine in the last 50 years?
2012
1992
1974
1972
82
What is Chateau d'Yquem dry white wine called?
“Y” (“Ygrec”)
83
What are the 5 villages of Sauternes?
```
Sauternes
Barsac
Fargues
Preignac
Bommes
```
84
What is the minimum must weight of Sauternes AOP?
221 g/L
85
What is the minimum R.S. of Sauternes AOP?
45 g/L
86
What is a famous unclassified Chateau in Sauternes?
Chateau Grilette
87
What is Chateau Grilette’s decades-long matured in concrete vats wine?
Creme de Tete
88
Name a producer on the right bank that produces Cabernet Sauvignon dominant wines
Château Figeac (St-Emilion Classe B)
89
When did St-Emilion create its classification system?
1954
90
What are the 5 revision years of the St-Emilion classification?
```
1969
1985
1996
2006
2012
```
91
What are the requirements for St-Emilion Grand Cru AOP?
.5% more alcohol than normal AOP (11.5%)
| and longer elevage
92
What are the 4 main soils of Pomerol?
Sand
Clay
Gravel
crasse de fer
93
What are crasse de fer soils?
subsoil of iron pan and rich clay
94
What is unique about the soil around Chateau Petrus?
the subsoil clay rises very close to the surface
95
What is the typical blend of Pomerol wines?
70-80% Merlot
| 20-25% Cabernet Franc
96
What is Cabernet Franc known as in Pomerol?
Bouchet
97
What are the 5 best properties in Pomerol?
```
Chateau Petrus
Vieux-Château-Certan
Château Lafleur
Château Le Pin
Château Trotanoy
```
98
Name 3 garagistes/microchateaux
Le Pin (Pomerol)
```
Valandraud (St-Emilion)
La Mondotte (St-Emilion)
```
99
What are the 4 satellite appellations for St-Emilion?
Lussac
St-Georges
Montagne
Puisseguin
100
What are the 3 neighboring red wine districts of Pomerol?
Lalande-de-Pomerol AOP
Fronsac AOP
Canon-Fronsac AOP
101
Which 2 appellations in Bordeaux have the oldest cultivated vineyards?
Bourg AOP
| Côtes de Bourg AOP
102
Who is the leading producer in Cotes de Bourg AOP?
Château Roc de Cambes
103
What Bordeaux AOP uses large percentages of Ugni Blanc and Colombard in dry whites?
Cotes de Blaye AOP
104
What 5 villages may add their name to Côtes de Bordeaux AOP?
```
Francs
Castillon
Blaye
Cadillac
Sainte Foy
```
105
What 2 rivers is Entre-Deux-Mers AOP in between?
Dordogne river
| Garonne river
106
Name the 3 sweet white wine appellations along the eastern shore of the Garonne river
Loupiac
Ste-Croix-du-Mont
Cadillac
107
What kind of wines are made as Premieres Côtes de Bordeaux AOP?
exclusively sweet wines
108
Which of the following estates encouraged the transition to estate bottling in Bordeaux in the 1920s?
Château Mouton-Rothschild
109
In what century did Malbec first appear in Bordeaux?
18th Century
110
What is the grape parentage of Carmenère?
Gros Cabernet x Cabernet Franc
111
What is the average annual rainfall for Bordeaux?
35 in (950 mm)
112
What is the only classified growth in the Médoc that is certified biodynamic?
Château Pontet-Canet
113
2 Second Growths of Pauillac
Pichon-Longueville
| Pichon Longueville Comtesse de Lalande
114
5 Second Growths of St. Julien
```
Leoville Las Cases* super 2nd
Leoville-Poyferre
Leoville Barton
Gruaud Larose
Ducru-Beaucaillou* super 2nd
```
115
5 Second Growths of Margaux
```
Rauzan-Segla
Rauzan-Gassies
Durfort-Vivens
Lascombes
Brane-Cantenac
```
116
What is the only Third growth in St. Estephe
Calon-Segur
117
How many Third growths are in Pauillac?
none
118
2 Third Growths of St. Julien
Lagrange
| Langoa Barton
119
10 Third Growths of Margaux
```
Kirwan
D’Issan
Giscours
Malescot Saint-Exupery
Boyd-Cantenac
Cantenac brown
Palmer
Desmirail
Ferriere
Marquis d’Alesme Becker
```
120
What is the only Third Growth in the general Haut-Medoc AOP?
Chateau La Lagune
121
What is the only Fourth Growth in St. Estephe?
Lafon-Rochet
122
What is the only Fourth Growth in Pauillac?
Duhart-Milon
123
4 Fourth Growths of St. Julien
Saint-Pierre
Talbot
Branaire-Ducru
Beychevelle
124
3 Fourth Growths of Margaux
Pouget
Prieuré-Lichine
Marquis de Terme
125
What is the sole Fourth Growth in the general Haut-Medoc AOP?
Château La Tour Carnet
126
What is the only Fifth Growth in St. Estephe
Cos Labory
127
How many 5th growths are in Pauillac
12
128
Name 3 notable 5th growths from Pauillac
Clerc Milon
Pontet-Canet
Lynch-Bages
129
How many Fifth Growths in St. Julien?
none
130
2 Fifth Growths in Margaux
Dauzac
| Du Tertre
131
What are the 3 Fifth Growths in the general Haut Medoc AOP?
Belgrave
De Camensac
Cantemerle
132
Name 3 classified chateaux from Graves
Carbonnieux
Haut-Bailly
Pape-Clement
133
What are the 4 Premiers Grands Crus Classe A Chateaux?
Angelus
Ausone
Cheval-Blanc
Pavie
134
Name 4 Premiers Grands Crus Classes B Chateaux
Beausejour
Figeac
La Mondotte
Valandraud
