Central and Southern Italy Flashcards
(126 cards)
1
Q
When was the Chianti zone first delimited?
A
1716
2
Q
What is the name for the straw-covered squat bottle sometimes used in Tuscany?
A
Fiasco
3
Q
When was Sassicaia first released?
A
1968
4
Q
Who was the man behind Sassicaia?
A
Marquis Mario Rocchetta
5
Q
Who was the man behind Tignanello?
A
Piero Antinori
6
Q
What is the relationship between Mario Rocchetta (Sassicaia) & Piero Antinori (Tignanello)?
A
Piero was Mario’s nephew
7
Q
How many hectoliters of wine does Tuscany produce?
A
2.7 million hl
8
Q
What % of wine in Tuscany is DOC/DOCG level?
A
60%
9
Q
How many DOCGs are in Tuscany?
A
11
10
Q
What is Italy’s most planted red variety?
A
Sangiovese
11
Q
Name 3 Sangiovese Clones
A
Brunello Clone/Sangiovese Grosso (Montalcino)
Prugnolo Gentile (Montepulciano)
Morellino Clone
12
Q
What are the 2 native red grapes that may be blended with Sangiovese in Chianti
A
Colorino
Canaiolo Nero
13
Q
What is Italy’s most planted white variety?
A
Trebbiano Toscano
14
Q
What is commonly blended with Trebbiano Toscano?
A
Malvasia
15
Q
Where is Vernaccia typically confined to in Tuscany?
A
San Gimignano
16
Q
Where is Vermentino finding promise in Tuscany?
A
In the coastal vineyards of Maremma
17
Q
What % of Tuscan wine is red?
A
85%
18
Q
When was Chianti elevated to DOCG?
A
1984
19
Q
When were the limits of modern day Chianti established?
A
1932
20
Q
How many subzones are within Chianti?
A
7
21
Q
What are the 8 subzones of Chianti?
A
Classico
Rufina
Montalbano
Montespertoli
Colli Fiorentini
Colli Senesi
Colli Aretini
Collines Pisane
22
Q
Other than Classico, which Chianti subzone is considered the most consistant in quality?
A
Chianti Rufina
23
Q
Which producer dominates the Chianti Rufina zone?
A
the Frescobaldi firm
24
Q
What is the subzone within Rufina?
A
Pomino DOC
25
Who are the only 2 producers in Pomino DOC?
Frescobaldi
| Fattoria Selvapiana
26
Who is credited for defining the classic blend of Chianti?
Baron Bettino Ricasoli
27
What % of Sangiovese is required for Chianti DOCG?
70-100%
28
What is the minimum % of Sangiovese for Chianti Colli Senesi?
min 75%
29
What are the 2 white grapes were commonly blended with Sangiovese
Trebbiano Toscano
| Malvasia
30
What is the max. % of Cabernet Sauvignon allowed in Chianti?
max 15%
31
What is the max. % of Cabernet Sauvignon is allowed in Chianti Colli Senesi?
max. 10%
32
What does governo all'uso Toscano mean on a label?
traditional practice of fermenting a wine with the juice of dried grapes to strengthen the wine and initiate malolactic fermentation
33
When may Chianti normale be released?
March 1st after harvest
34
Which Chianti subzones require longer aging?
Rufina
Montespertoli
Colli Fiorentini
35
How many years of aging does Chianti Riserva require?
2 years
36
What are the 2 differences between Chianti Riserva vs Superiore?
1/2 degree more alcohol
| lowered vineyard yields
37
When was Chianti Classico upgraded to DOCG?
1984
38
What are the 4 original villages of Chianti Classico?
Radda
Gaiole
Castellina
Greve
39
What are the 2 main soil types of Tuscany?
galestro (marl)
| alberese (sandstone)
40
What soil does Sangiovese prefer?
Galestro
41
What is the min. % of Sangiovese required for Chianti Classico?
80%
42
What year were white varieties not allowed in permitted in Chianti Classico wines?
2006
43
What is the min. alcohol level for Chianti Classico vs Chianti normale?
Classico: 12%
| Chianti Normale: 11.5%
44
When may Chianti Classico be released?
October 1st of the year following harvest
45
What is the aging requirements for Chianti Classico Riserva?
min. 24 months
| with at least 3 months in bottle
46
What is the minimum alcohol level for Chianti Classico Riserva?
12.5%
47
When was the Gran Selezione catagory created in Chianti Classico?
2014
48
What are the requirements for the Gran Selezione (Chianti Classico)?
estate grown grapes
min. 30 months before release with 3 months in bottle
min. abv of 13%
49
What is the aging vessel of choice for Chianti Classico Riserva?
Barrique
50
Who is credited for inventing the Brunello style?
Clemente Santi of Biondi-Santi
51
When was the first bottling of 100% Brunello clone?
1865
52
When was Biondi-Santi's first vintage of Brunello Riserva?
1888
53
Of the 24,000 hectares in Montalcino, how many hectares are planted to Brunello?
5,000
54
What are the aging requirements for Brunello?
min. 2 years in cask
| min. 4 months in bottle (6 for riserva)
55
When may Brunello be released?
January 1st of the 5th year following harvest (6th year for riserva)
56
What soil-type characterizes in higher altitude vineyards in Montalcino?
Galestro (marl)
57
What soil-type characterizes the warmer, southern reaches of Montalcino?
Clay and fossilized marine deposits
58
What are frazioni? [Montalcino]
suburbs or sub-communes
59
Name 3 frazioni of Montalcino
Sant Angelo in Colle
Castelnuovo Abate
Torrenieri
60
Name 3 Brunello producers that use small barrels and shorter maceration
Casanvova di Neri
| Mastrojanni
61
Name 3 traditional Brunello producers?
Biondi-Santi
Talenti
Soldera
62
How long must Rosso di Montalcino DOCs be aged for?
min 1 year before release
| no requirements for cask aging
63
What is the 'Super-Tuscan' DOC in Montalcino?
Sant’Antimo DOC
64
When was Sant'Antimo DOC created?
1996
65
What is the DOC for white wines in Montalcino?
Moscadello di Montalcino
66
What is the style of Moscadello di Montalcino?
often sweet
| may be still or sparkling
67
What is the grape used for Moscadello di Montalcino DOC?
Moscato Bianco
68
When was Vino Nobile di Montepulciano DOCG established?
1980
69
What clone of Sangiovese is associated with Vino Nobile di Montepulciano?
Prugnolo Gentile clone
70
What is the minimum % of Sangiovese required for Vino Nobile di Montepulciano?
min. 70%
71
What is the maximum % of other varieties of Tuscany allowed in a Vino Nobile di Montepulciano wine?
max 30% with no more than 5% white varieties
72
How long must Vino Nobile di Montepulciano wines be aged for before release? (Normale and Riserva)
minimum 2 years (3 years for riserva) with 1 year in wood
73
When did Morellino di Scansano become DOCG?
2006
74
What is the minimum % of Sangiovese required for Morellino di Scansano?
min. 85%
75
When may Morellino di Scansano wines be released?
March 1st following harvest
76
What is the minimum % of Sangiovese required for Carmignano wines?
min. 50%
77
What 2 grapes are required to make up 10-20% of a Carmignano blend?
Cabernet Sauvignon and/or Cabernet Franc
78
What DOCG in Tuscany may have higher proprotions of Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot blended with Sangiovese?
Rosso della Val di Cornia DOCG
79
Rosso della Val di Cornia DOCG is a former subzone of which DOCG?
Suvereto DOCG
80
What is the blend requirements for Rosso della Val di Cornia DOCG?
min. 40% Sangiovese
max. 60% Merlot & Cabernet Sauvignon combined
max. 20% other red grapes
81
What red grape is not allowed in Rosso della Val di Cornia DOCG?
Aleatico
82
What is the winery associated with Sassicaia?
Tenuta San Guido
83
What is the blend in Sassicaia?
85% Cabernet Sauvignon
| 15% Cabernet Franc
84
What aging vessel is used for Sassicaia?
Barrique (new and used)
85
Where is Tenuta San Guido located?
Bolgheri in Northern Maremma
86
What does Sassicaia mean?
Stony field
87
What was the first Sangiovese to be aged in barriques?
Antinori 'Tignanello'
88
When was the first vintage of Tignanello?
1971
89
What is the vineyard name for Tignanello?
Tignanello
90
What is the blend of Tignanello?
85% Sangiovese
| 15% Cabernet Sauvignon & Cabernet Franc
91
How long is Tignanello aged for?
14-16 months in French and Hungarian oak barrels (new and used) plus 12 months in bottle
92
When was the % of Sangiovese set at 85% for Tignanello?
1982
93
What is Antinori's Cabernet-based super-tuscan?
Solaia
94
What is the main grape in Masseto?
Merlot
95
Who produces Paleo Rosso?
Le Macchiole
96
What is the variety used in Le Macchiole's Paleo Rosso?
100% Cabernet Franc
97
What were the first 3 100% Sangiovese 'Super Tuscans'?
San Felice's Vigorello, Montevertine’s Le Pergole Torte
| Isole e Olena’s Cepparello
98
When was Bolgheri DOC created?
1994
99
How long must Bolgheri Superiore wines be aged for?
minimum 2 years with 1 year in barrique
100
What is the minimum alcohol required for Bolgheri Superiore?
12.5%
101
What is the leading grape for white Bolgheri wines?
Vermentino
102
When did Sassicaia become a subzone of Bolgheri?
1983
103
When did Sassicaia become its own DOC?
2013
104
How far off the coast of Maremma is the isle of Elba?
12 miles
105
What is the historic significance of the isle of Elba?
It is where Napoleon was exiled to in 1814
106
When did Elba Aleatico Passito DOCG established?
2011
107
What kind of wines are made in Elba Aleatico Passito DOCG?
sweet red passito wines made from the Aleatico grape
108
What grape is Aleatico genetically linked to?
Muscat Blanc a Petits Grains
109
What is the only white DOCG of Tuscany?
Vernaccia di San Gimignano DOCG
110
What is the only dessert wine to reach DOCG status?
Elba Aleatico Passito DOCG
111
What is the traditional dessert wine of Tuscany?
Vin Santo
112
What are the 2 main grapes of Tuscan Vin Santo?
Trebbiano
| Malvasia
113
What is the rose version of vin santo called?
Occhio di Pernice
114
What is the blend requirement for Occhio di Pernice?
min. 50% Sangiovese added to the white grapes
115
When are grapes destined for vin santo usually raisinated until?
December 1st after fermentation
116
What is the name for the barrels vin santo are fermented and aged in?
50 L caratelli chestnut barrels
117
How long are vin santos typically aged for in barrel?
3-8 years
118
Why is chestnut preferred over oak for vin santo aging?
allows rapid oxidation
119
When vin santo is fortified what is it labeled as?
liquoroso
120
What is the main DOC for vin santo in Tuscany?
Vin Santo del Chianti DOC
121
What is the blend requirement for Orvieto DOC?
min 60% Grechetto & Trebbiano Toscano (Procanino)
| max 40% other white grapes
122
What is the red wine DOC within the Orvieto territory?
Lago di Corbara DOC
123
What soil type are red wines from Lago di Corbara DOC produced from?
tuffeau soils
124
What are the 2 main red wine DOCGs of Umbria?
Sagrantino di Montefalco DOCG
| Torgiano Rosso Riserva DOCG
125
What is the min. % of Sagrantino required for Sagrantino di Montefalco DOCG?
100%
126
How long are Sagrantino di Montefalco wines age for?
minimum 37 months with 12 months in wood
