Botanicals genitourinary system Flashcards
(139 cards)
1
Q
how many Genito-urinary botanical categories? Name them.
A
There are 3.
Renal
Female
Male
2
Q
How many genito-urinary botanicals all together? Name them.
A
Renal:
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi
Equisetum arvense
Eupatorium purpureum
Hydrangea arborescens
Juniperus communis
Solidago spp.
Thuja occidentalis
Urtica dioica
Female:
Actea racemosa
Angelica sinensis
Caulophyllum thalictroides
Chamaelirium luteum
Dioscorea villosa
Medicago sativa
Mitchella repens
Piscidia erythrina
Rubus idaeus
Viburnum prunifolium
Vitex agnus-castus
Male:
Pausinystalia yohimbe
Pygeum africanum
Serenoa repens
Smilax spp.
Tribulus terrestris
3
Q
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (Uva-ursi, Bearberry) indications
A
Alkali UTIs, chronic bladder irritation with pain, tenesmus, blood, mucus
4
Q
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi CI
A
Pregnancy, use beyond 10 days. Kidney disorders
5
Q
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi s/e’s
A
Individuals with gastric sensitivity may experience nausea, vomiting, and/or stomach ache due to its high tannin content. Liver damage may happen over use of extended periods, particularly with children due to possible hepatotoxicity of the hydroquinones being released
6
Q
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Interactions
A
Tannin content may complex with concomitantly administered iron resulting in nonabsorbable insoluble complexes and may result an adverse sequele on blood components. administer iron in separate administration times of these compounds by 1 to 2 hours. Avoid concurrent use of uva ursi preparations; should not be administered with any substance that causes acidic urine since this reduces the antibacterial effect. The urine disinfecting effect of the hydroquinones released in the urinary tract only occurs in an alkali environment, therefore the simultaneous administration of medication or food that increases your acid levels in the bladder is to be avoided. For example vitamin C and cranberry acidify urine, so should be avoided with Uva-ursi
7
Q
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi constituents
A
Glycosides (hydroxyquinone), favonoid: quercetin, resins, tannins
8
Q
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi actions
A
Renal antiseptic, It is not a diuretic
9
Q
Equisetum arvense (Horsetail) Constituents
A
Flavonoids, caffeic acid ester, silicic acid, pyridine alkaloids
10
Q
Equisetum arvense (Horsetail) pharmacology
A
Horsetail has a mild diuretic and spasmolytic action in animal tests. The flavonoids and silicic acid contribute to the astringent effect. This herb increases diuresis and reduces uric acid content in the blood by increasing uric acid clearing and the rate of excretion.
11
Q
Equisetum arvense (Horsetail) actions
A
Diuretic, astringent
12
Q
Equisetum arvense (Horsetail) Indications
A
Infections of the urinary tract, kidney and bladder stones, nocturnal enuresis
13
Q
Equisetum arvense (Horsetail) Side effects
A
None
14
Q
Equisetum arvense (Horsetail) CI
A
Edema due to impaired heart or kidney function hypokalemia, coagulation disorders
15
Q
Equisetum arvense (Horsetail) Interactions
A
Avoid hypokalemic drugs: diuretics (furosemide hydrochlorothiazide), corticosteroids (hydrocortisone, prednisone, dexamethasone), cardiac glycosides (digoxin, convallaria, digitalis, Leonurus), antiarrhythmics (atenolol, propranolol, amiodarone), pseudoephedrine, glycyrrhiza
May antagonize anticoagulants (warfarin)
16
Q
Eupatorium purpureum (Grave root, Joe pye weed) Constituents
A
Oleoresins: euparin, eupurpurin
17
Q
Eupatorium purpureum (Grave root, Joe pye weed) actions
A
anti-lithic, diuretic
18
Q
Eupatorium purpureum (Grave root, Joe pye weed) indications
A
Urolithiasis, dysuria, hematuria from prostatitis, gout
19
Q
Eupatorium purpureum (Grave root, Joe pye weed) s/e
A
None
20
Q
Eupatorium purpureum (Grave root, Joe pye weed) CI
A
None
21
Q
Eupatorium purpureum (Grave root, Joe pye weed) Interactions
A
None
22
Q
Hydrangea arborescens (seven barks) Constituents
A
Saponins, flavonoids, volatile oil, isocoumarin derivatives
23
Q
Hydrangea arborescens (seven barks) actions
A
Diuretic, anti-lithic
24
Q
Hydrangea arborescens (seven barks) Indications
A
Prostatitis, BPH, urolithiasis, dysuria, cystitis, urethritis, acute nephritis, acute pyelonephritis
25
Hydrangea arborescens (seven barks) s/e
If taken in high doses, it can cause vertigo, and feelings of constriction in the chest
26
Hydrangea arborescens (seven barks) CI
None
27
Hydrangea arborescens (seven barks) Interactions
None
28
Juniperus communis (Juniper) Constituents
Volatile oil, diterpenes, sesquiterpene lactones: thujone. Flavonoids, monosaccharides, oligomeric proanthocyanidins
29
Juniperus communis (Juniper) actions
Diuretics, bacteriostatic, anti-septic. Urinary sedative, digestive stimulant (bitter)
30
Juniperus communis (Juniper) indications
Hypochlorhydria, dyspepsia, maldigestion, biliary insufficiency, dyskinesia (uncontrolled movements), anorexia, atomic constipation, gas. Lower UTI, renal atonia (lack of mm tone)
31
Juniperus communis (Juniper) s/e
**_Thujone_**: emmenagogue, **abortifacient**, convulsions
32
Juniperus communis (Juniper) CI
**_Pregnancy, breast-feeding_**. Contraindicated in inflammatory **renal** diseases.
33
Juniperus communis (Juniper) Interactions
No human drug interaction data available
34
Solidago odora (Goldenrod) Consituents
Volatile oils, saponins, flavonoids
35
Solidago odora (Goldenrod) Actions
Anti-catarrhal (mucus), anti-inflammatory, diabetic, carminative, expectorant
36
Solidago odora (Goldenrod) Indications
Upper respiratory tract infection with catarrh (sinusitis, pharyngitis, hay fever), influenza, flatulent dyspepsia. Cystitis, urethritis, dysuria, and anuria failure of kidneys to produce urine
37
Solidago odora (Goldenrod) s/e
None
38
Solidago odora (Goldenrod) CI
High doses, allergy to Asteraceae family
39
Solidago odora (Goldenrod) Interactions
None
40
Thuja occidentialis (Thuja) Constituents
Water soluble immuno stimulating polysaccharides and glycoproteins, sesquiterpene lactones (thujone,) tannins, volatile oil
41
Thuja occidentialis (Thuja) Actions
Genitourinary anti-septic, diarrhetic
42
Thuja occidentialis (Thuja) Indications:
**Topical:** warts, leukorrhea, anal fissures, chancre, and ulcers
**Internal:** Pharyngitis, tonsillitis, bronchitis, incontinence, enuresis, GU catarrh
43
Thuja occidentialis (Thuja) S/e's
At high doses: nausea, vomiting, impotence, fatty liver, insomnia, nightmares, hallucinations, convulsions
Thujone: emmenagogue, abortifacient, convulsions, possible carcinogen
44
Thuja occidentialis (Thuja) CI
Large doses (thujone), **_pregnancy (abortifacient)_** and lactation
45
Thuja occidentialis (Thuja) interactions
None
46
Urtica dioca (stinging nettle) Constituents
Leaf: flavonoids, resin, volatile acids, histamine, 5-HT (serotonin)
Root: tannins, lignans.
47
Urtica dioca (stinging nettle) Pharmacology
BPH: symptomatic relief for urinary symptoms through lignins binding to sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) of prostate tissue, inhibiting prostate cell metabolism and growth
48
Urtica dioca (stinging nettle) Actions
Astringent, diuretic
Rubefacient, counter-irritant (fresh herb)
49
Urtica dioca (stinging nettle) Indications
Stinging nettle flowering plant **topical:** Rubefacient for rheumatic aliments
Stinging nettle flowering plant **internal:** infections of the urinary tract, kidney and bladder stones also used as irrigation therapy for _prevention and treatment of kidney stones_
Stinging nettle **root:** prostate complaints, irritable bladder. → Preparation of the root are used for my micturition disorders in prostate adenoma stages one and two.
→ This herb only relieves the symptoms of an enlarged prostate without eliminating the enlargement itself. It reduces residual urine and increases urinary flow
50
Urtica dioca (stinging nettle) s/e
Stinging from fresh leaf
51
Urtica dioca (stinging nettle) CI
**Pregnancy** (potent diuretic). Not to be used when there is fluid retention resulting from **reduced cardiac or renal function**
52
Urtica dioca (stinging nettle) Interactions
Nettle contains an unspecified amount of **tannins that may complex with concomitantly administered iron, resulting in nonabsorbable insoluble complexes and may result an adverse sequela on blood components**
53
Genito-urinary female Actea racemosa (Black Cohosh) Constituents
Triterpenes: actein, cimifugoside. Quinolizidine alkaloids: cytisine. Phenylpropane derivattives: isoferulic acid.
54
Genito-urinary female Actea racemosa (Black Cohosh) Actions
Uterine tonic, pituitary/estrogen mimetic, parturifacient, anti-rheumatic, spasmolytic, antitussive, nervine.
55
Genito-urinary female Actea racemosa (Black Cohosh) Indications
Dysmenorrhea, PMS, menopause, early labor. Rheumatism, myalgia, OA, RA. Whooping cough
56
Genito-urinary female Actea racemosa (Black Cohosh) s/e
Nausea, OD: sedative, bradycardias, hypotension, blurred vision, nausea, vomiting, headache
57
Genito-urinary female Actea racemosa (Black Cohosh) CI
**First trimester of pregnancy,** lactation (large doses), estrogen dependent tumors
58
Genito-urinary female Actea racemosa (Black Cohosh) Interactions
HRT therapy leading to estrogen excess (but does not affect uterus), reduces hot flushes from tamoxifen
59
Genito-urinary female Angelica sinensis (Dong quai) constituents
Couamrins, polysaccharides, ferulic acid
60
Genito-urinary female Angelica sinensis (Dong quai) Actions
Uterine tonic, liver tonic, spasmolytic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, sedative
61
Genito-urinary female Angelica sinensis (Dong quai) Indications
Amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, endometritis, estrogen imbalance, menopause, **PMS (menstrual regulator, reduces heavy flow)**
Tonic for uterus, liver, digestion and body as a whole
62
Genito-urinary female Angelica sinensis (Dong quai) s/e
Possible side effects include fever, G.I. disturbance, and increased bleeding. Patients who are taking large doses of Dong quai, or using it concurrently with blood thinners should be monitored for increases in prothrombin time (PT) and INR
63
Genito-urinary female Angelica sinensis (Dong quai) CI
Hemorrhagic disease, hypermenorrhea, chronic diarrhea, abdominal bloating, or acute infections including colds and flus. **Dong quai should not be used during pregnancy, specifically in the first trimester.** Photodermatitis is a possibility, so do caution patients to limit their time in the sun
64
Genito-urinary female Angelica sinensis (Dong quai) Interactions
Potentiates anticoagulants (warfarin) resulting in increased risk for bleeding.
65
Genito-urinary female Chamaelirium luteum (False Unicorn root) constituents
Steroid saponins
66
Genito-urinary female Chamaelirium luteum (False Unicorn root) ACTIONS
Uterine tonic, ovarian tonic, emmenagogue, diuretic
67
Genito-urinary female Chamaelirium luteum (False Unicorn root) Indications
Amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, endometriosis, leukorrhea, estrogen imbalance, menopause, female infertility, uterine infections, ovarian cyst, Leiomyomas, PMS, threaten miscarriage, premature labor, dyspepsia.
68
Genito-urinary female Chamaelirium luteum (False Unicorn root) s/e
Nausea, vomiting, slight antiplatelet activity
69
Genito-urinary female Chamaelirium luteum (False Unicorn root) CI
**Early pregnancy,** G.I. irritation
70
Genito-urinary female Chamaelirium luteum (False Unicorn root) Interactions
May potentiate anticoagulants (warfarin)
71
Genito-urinary female Dioscorea villosa (wild yam) Constituents
Flavonoids: myricitrin, quercetin. Palmitate. Steroids: beta-sitosterol. Tannins
72
Genito-urinary female Dioscorea villosa (wild yam) Actions
Spasmolytic, antirheumatic, anti-inflammatory, diuretic, diaphoretic, hepatic, cholagogue
73
Genito-urinary female Dioscorea villosa (wild yam) Indications
Dysmenorrhea, endometriosis, PMS, threatened miscarriage, premature labor, smooth muscle spasm, intestinal colic
Myalgia, neuralgia, OA, RA, acute rheumatism
74
Genito-urinary female Dioscorea villosa (wild yam) s/e
None have been recorded when following proper therapeutic dosages
75
Genito-urinary female Dioscorea villosa (wild yam) CI
Biliary obstruction, cholecystitis, biliary cancer, pancreatic cancer, hepatitis, cirrhosis, high doses during pregnancy
76
Genito-urinary female Dioscorea villosa (wild yam) Interactions
none
77
Genito-urinary female Medicago sativa (Alfalfa) Constituents
Isoflavones, alkaloids, saponins, cyanogenic glycosides
78
Genito-urinary female Medicago sativa (Alfalfa) Actions
Phytoestrogen, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, cholesterol lowering (d/t saponin content)
79
Genito-urinary female Medicago sativa (Alfalfa) Indications
Endometriosis, hyperestrogenism, hypoestrogenism, infertility, menopause
80
Genito-urinary female Medicago sativa (Alfalfa) s/e
Spoiled alfalfa sprouts may contain E. coli, bacillus cereus and salmonella.
81
Genito-urinary female Medicago sativa (Alfalfa) CI
Alfalfa is contraindicated in patients with **gout** and systemic **lupus** erythematosus. **Not to be used in pregnancy**
82
Genito-urinary female Medicago sativa (Alfalfa) Interactions
May potentiate hypoglycemic drugs (metformin glyburide, Rosiglitazone), may antagonize anticoagulants (warfarin), HRT, induces CYP 450
83
Genito-urinary female Mitchella repens (Partridge berry) constituents
Alkaloids, saponins, tannins
84
Genito-urinary female Mitchella repens (Partridge berry) Actions
Parturifacient (induces labor), uterine tonic, emmenagogue, alterative, astringent, diuretic
85
Genito-urinary female Mitchella repens (Partridge berry) Indications
Dysmenorrhea, infertility, Leiomyoma, menorrhagia, **poor** **uterine tone**
preparation for childbirth
86
Genito-urinary female Mitchella repens (Partridge berry) s/e
N/A
87
Genito-urinary female Mitchella repens (Partridge berry) CI
**Early pregnancy**
88
Genito-urinary female Mitchella repens (Partridge berry) Interactions
none
89
Genito-urinary female Rubus idaeus (Raspberry) Constituents
Tannins: gallo tannins, ellagic tannins. Flavonoids and vitamin c.
90
Genito-urinary female Rubus idaeus (Raspberry) Pharmacology
Main active constituents are tannin, flavonoids and vitamin C. The tannins give the fruit and astringent effect
91
Genito-urinary female Rubus idaeus (Raspberry) Actions
Parturient: Strengthens contractions, reduces hemorrhage during labor. Uterine tonic, astringent, inflammation modulator
92
Genito-urinary female Rubus idaeus (Raspberry) Indications
Preparation for labor by strengthening the tone of the uterus. Diarrhea, leucorrhea. aphthous ulcers, gingivitis (mouthwash), conjunctivitis (eyewash).
93
Genito-urinary female Rubus idaeus (Raspberry) s/e
None
94
Genito-urinary female Rubus idaeus (Raspberry) CI
**Early stages of pregnancy**
95
Genito-urinary female Rubus idaeus (Raspberry) Interactions
N/A
96
Genito-urinary female Viburnum opulus (Cramp bark)/ Viburnum prunifolium (Black haw) Constituents
Coumarins, flavonoids, tannins, salicin
97
Genito-urinary female Viburnum opulus (Cramp bark)/ Viburnum prunifolium (Black haw) actions
Spasmolytic, astringent, emmenagogue, nervine, sedative, hypotensive
98
Genito-urinary female Viburnum opulus (Cramp bark)/ Viburnum prunifolium (Black haw) Indications
Dysmenorrhea, endometriosis, PMS, threatened miscarriage, premature labor, smooth muscle spasms, acute urolithiasis, myalgia. Hypertension, arthritis
99
Genito-urinary female Viburnum opulus (Cramp bark)/ Viburnum prunifolium (Black haw) s/e
none
100
Genito-urinary female Viburnum opulus (Cramp bark)/ Viburnum prunifolium (Black haw) CI
Don't eat raw fruit, it will cause G.I. discomfort
101
Genito-urinary female Viburnum opulus (Cramp bark)/ Viburnum prunifolium (Black haw) Interactions
n/a
102
Genito-urinary female Vitex agnus-castus (Vitex, Chaste tree) Constituents
Flavonoids, iridoid glycosides, alkaloids, labdane diterpenes
103
Genito-urinary female Vitex agnus-castus (Vitex, Chaste tree) Actions
Normalizer of female sex hormones and pituitary gland function uterine tonic supports corpus luteum by increasing progesterone, decreasing estrogen via pituitary gland and FSH, galactagogue
104
Genito-urinary female Vitex agnus-castus (Vitex, Chaste tree) Indications
Teen acne both male and female, fibroid cysts
regulation of menstrual cycle when trying to get pregnant due to low progesterone
rebalancing hormones post oral contraceptive use; irregular menstruation, short menstrual cycles,
dysmenorrhea, PMS (with high estrogen, bloating, breast tenderness etc.); menopause
105
Genito-urinary female Vitex agnus-castus (Vitex, Chaste tree) s/e
Rashes may occur, as well as itching, nausea, dry mouth, headache, dizziness, agitation
106
Genito-urinary female Vitex agnus-castus (Vitex, Chaste tree) C/I
**Pregnancy, lactation**
107
Genito-urinary female Vitex agnus-castus (Vitex, Chaste tree) Interactions
May interact with dopamine antagonists and dopamine receptor blocking agent
108
Genito-urinary Male Pausinystalia yohimbe (yohimbe) constituents
indole alkaloids: Yohimbine (quebrachine) and its stereoismoers alpha-yohimbine, beta-yohimbine and allo-yohimbine
109
Genito-urinary Male Pausinystalia yohimbe (yohimbe) Actions
Aphrodisiac, alpha2-adrenergic blocker, serotonin antagonist,. Stimulates erection and salivation, prolongs and strengthens erection. cerebral stimulant
110
Genito-urinary Male Pausinystalia yohimbe (yohimbe) Indications
Impotence, ED, depression, narcolepsy
111
Genito-urinary Male Pausinystalia yohimbe (yohimbe) s/e
Nausea, salivation, dizziness, nervousness, insomnia, anxiety, mania, mydriasis, hypertension, edema, fatigue, paralysis, headaches, diuresis, palpitations, tachypnea, respiratory, paralysis, cardiac paralysis, death
112
Genito-urinary Male Pausinystalia yohimbe (yohimbe) CI
Schizophrenia, panic attacks, PTSD, coronary artery disease, severe edema, hypertension, angina, peptic ulcer, renal disease, liver disease, prostatitis, pregnancy, lactation
113
Genito-urinary Male Pausinystalia yohimbe (yohimbe) Interactions
Potentiates alpha adrenergic blockers (carvedilol, risperidone, Tamsulosin, trazodone), tricyclic antidepressants a(mitriptyline), MAOIs (phenelzine), sympathomimetics (albuterol, epinephrine, phenylephrine, pseudoephedrine, salbutamol).
May antagonize clonidine, atropine
114
Genito-urinary Male Prunus africana (pygeum afrincanum) Constituents
Phytosterols: beta-sitosterol. Triterpenoid saponins, tannins
115
Genito-urinary Male Prunus africana (pygeum afrincanum) Actions
Prostatic tonic, 5-alpha reductase inhibitor, anti-inflammatory
116
Genito-urinary Male Prunus africana (pygeum afrincanum) Indications
BPH, chronic prostatitis, low prostatic secretions
117
Genito-urinary Male Prunus africana (pygeum afrincanum) s/e
Possible GI irritation, nausea, stomach pain
118
Genito-urinary Male Prunus africana (pygeum afrincanum) CI
Prunus cannot be recommended during pregnancy or breast-feeding b/c of possible hormonal effects
119
Genito-urinary Male Prunus africana (pygeum afrincanum) Interactions
May potentiate five alpha reductase inhibitors (finasteride, pygeum, serenoa)
120
Genito-urinary Male Serenoa repens (Saw Palmetto) constituents
Steriodal saponins, fatty acids, flavonoids, tannins
121
Genito-urinary Male Serenoa repens (Saw Palmetto) Pharmacology
Lipophilic extract of the herb inhibits binding of dihydroestosterone (DHT) to the cystolic androgenic receptor and alpha1 adrenoceptor in the prostate, which prevents accumulation of the steroid, which may lead to prostate hyperplasia. Antiandrogenic effects of the lipophilic extract also consists of 5-alpha reductase and 3-ketosteroid reductase inhibition. These enzymes are responsible for the conversion of testosterone to DHT and for conversion of DHT to an androgen compound, respectively.
122
Genito-urinary Male Serenoa repens (Saw Palmetto) actions
Prostatic tone, 5-alpha reductase inhibitor (Anti-androgenic), anti-estrogenic, anti-inflammatory
123
Genito-urinary Male Serenoa repens (Saw Palmetto) Indications
Benign prostatic hypertension, used for inflammation of the urinary tract and bladder. it has also been used for nocturnal enuresis and improvement of libido
124
Genito-urinary Male Serenoa repens (Saw Palmetto) s/e
Not to be used during pregnancy and breastfeeding due to its potential hormonal effects.
125
Genito-urinary Male Serenoa repens (Saw Palmetto) CI
(don't) Use prior to surgery (possibility of hemorrhage)
126
Genito-urinary Male Serenoa repens (Saw Palmetto) Interactions
May potentiate anticoagulants (warfarin), 5-alpha reductase inhibitors (finasteride). Potential risk with hormone like drugs or adrenergic drugs due to possible estrogenic, androgenic and alpha adrenergic blocking effects of Saw Palmetto.
**_Iron: Tannin content_** of Saw palmetto may complex with a concomitantly administered iron and may result in adverse sequela on blood components. Administer separately with one to two hour spacing
127
Genito-urinary Male Smilax species (Sarsparilla) Constituents
Steroidal saponins, phytosterols, resin, volatile oils
128
Genito-urinary Male Smilax species (Sarsparilla) Pharmacology
Steroid saponins in this herb are responsible for its irritating affect on the skin, and a strong diuretic and diaphoretic effect in high doses.
129
Genito-urinary Male Smilax species (Sarsparilla) actions
Alterative, anti-rheumatic, diaphoretic, anti-inflammatory, diuretic
130
Genito-urinary Male Smilax species (Sarsparilla) Indications
Gout, chronic dermatitis, psoriasis, fevers, arthritis, rheumatic complaints
131
Genito-urinary Male Smilax species (Sarsparilla) s/e
Stomach complaints may occur in rare cases, as could kidney irritation
132
Genito-urinary Male Smilax species (Sarsparilla) CI
None
133
Genito-urinary Male Smilax species (Sarsparilla) Interactiosn
N/A
134
Genito-urinary Male Tribulus terrestris (Bindii) Constituents
Steroidal saponins, phytosterols, alkaloids
135
Genito-urinary Male Tribulus terrestris (Bindii) Actions
Sex hormone enhancer (estrogenic in females, androgenic in males), negative chronotropic
136
Genito-urinary Male Tribulus terrestris (Bindii) Indications
Infertility, impotence, decreased libido, fatigue, convalescence, coronary artery disease
137
Genito-urinary Male Tribulus terrestris (Bindii) s/e
Aggravates GERD, insomnia, menorrhagia
138
Genito-urinary Male Tribulus terrestris (Bindii) CI
GERD, cholestasis, BPH, pregnancy, lactation
139
Genito-urinary Male Tribulus terrestris (Bindii) Interactions
May potentiate cardiac glycosides to (digoxin, Convallaria, digitalis, Leonurus), beta blockers (atenolol, carvedilol, propranolol), calcium channel blockers (amlodipine)
