Bourgogne Flashcards
What is the percentage of wine in Bourgogne that is sold through Négociants ?
52%
From north to south what are the 5 subregions in Bourgogne?
- Chablis & Auxerrois
- Côte de Nuits
- Côte de Beaune
- Côte Chalonnaise
- Mâconnais
How many regional AOCs are in Bourgogne and what percentage of total production do they represent?
There are 7 regional AOCs;
52% of total wine production in Bourgogne
How many Village level wines are in Bourgogne and what percentage of total production do they represent?
- There are 44 Village wine AOC’s representing 37% of total production
- These are usually a blend of several vineyards around the Village
How many 1er Cru vineyards are in Bourgogne and what percentage of total production do they represent?
There are 662 1er Cru vineyards representing 10% of total production
The name of the village (and vineyard if only from 1 vineyard) and the words “premier” or “1er” Cru will appear on the label.
How many Grand Cru vineyards are in Bourgogne and what percentage of total production do they represent?
There are 33 Grand Cru vineyards representing 1% of total production.
Name of vineyards and the words “Grand Cru” will appear on the label.
What is the primary grape of Chablis?
Chardonnay
What are the 2 soil types in Chablis?
- Kimmeridgean Marl: Grand Cru, Premier Cru and most of Chablis AOC
- Portlandian Marl: Petit Chablis AOC
What is the AOC quality pyramid in Chablis?
- Grand Cru AOC (1 Grand Cru with 7 climats)
- Chablis AOC (40 Premier Cru climats)
- Petit Chablis AOC
Where are the Petit Chablis AOCs located?
Either on Portlandian soils towards the hilltops or on less ideal land away from the principal slopes and valleys of the appelation.
What are the principle AOCs of the Grand Auxerrois?
Production is 60% white, 40% red
* Saint-Bris AOC: Sauvignon Blanc/Gris (Kimm. & Port.)
* Irancy AOC: Pinot Noir (Kimm.)
* Vézelay AOC: Chardonnay (clay & limestone)
Where is the Irancy AOC located?
- In the Grand Auxerrois
- Southwest of Chablis
- Produces wine from Pinot Noir, sometimes blended with Cesar
In Chablis, What is unique about the Saint-Bris AOC?
It is the only AOC in Bourgogne making wine from Sauvignon Blanc and Sauvignon Gris.
What type of wine is bottled in the Châtillonnais?
Top quality Crémant de Bourgogne
This area only has regional bottlings, no AOCs.
Where is the Côte de Nuits located?
This escarpment is 12 miles long between Dijon and Corgoloin.
Most vineyards face east.
What are the grapes of the Côte de Nuits?
The grapes are Pinot Noir and Chardonnay with some Aligote and Pinot Gris (aka Pinot Beurot).
What is the production like in the Côte de Nuits and how many AOCs and Grand Crus?
Production is almost entirely red.
There are 9 AOCs, 24 Grand Crus
With Marsannay AOC producing rosé
and Musigny Grand Cru producing white.
What are the Villages in the Côte de Nuits Villages?
- Fixin (north)
- Bronchon (north)
- Premeaux (south)
- Comblanchien (south)
- Corgoloin (south)
Describe the Marsannay AOC in the Côte de Nuits.
- No premier Crus
- No Grand Crus
- Known for its production of delicate and fruity rosé (Pinot Gris and/or Pinot Noir)
How long is the Bourgogne wine region from north to south?
140 Miles
What is the climate in Bourgogne?
Chablis = continental with oceanic influences
Côte de Nuits to the Côte Châtillonnais = continental
Mâconnais = continental with Mediterranean influences
When were the Romans in Bourgogne?
The 1st century BC
Who took over Bourgogne when the Roman Empire began its decline?
The Germanic tribe Burgondes around 450 AD
Who were the Dukes of Burgundy?
They ruled Bourgogne from the 14th to 15th centuries:
Philippe the Bold
John the Fearless
Philippe the Good
Charles the Rash
What events resulted in major challenges for the Bourgogne wine trade in the 17th to 19th centuries?
- French Revolution (1789)
- High prices compared to other regions
- Royalty and nobility built châteaux along the Loire and drank Loire wines.
- Phylloxera
What are the major soil types in Bourgogne?
Limestone & Marls
(Kimmeridgean Marl &
Portlandian Marl)
The bottom plate of the region = granite. Marls are limestone-rich clay.
Which subregion in Bourgogne has the youngest topsoil?
Chablis
145 million years
What subregion in Bourgogne has the oldest topsoil?
Mâconnais
195 million years
What is the expression of Chardonnay on marl, clay & limestone?
Marl: dense, powerful & age-worthy
Clay: structured, earthy & round
Limestone: high acid, minerality & citrus
What is the expression of Pinot Noir on marl, clay, and limestone?
Marl: structured & fruity
Clay: less aromatic, less complex. Need 5-7 years to evolve
Limestone: elegant & aromatic
What grape(s) can go into Bourgogne Blanc?
overwhelmingly Chardonnay
Can have some Pinot Blanc and Pinot Gris in the field blend.
In Bourgogne what is the synonym for Pinot Gris?
Pinot Beurot
What grapes can go into Bourgogne Rouge?
Normally 100% Pinot Noir, but can include other varieties
What grapes go into Bourgogne Rosé?
normally Pinot Noir, but can include other varieties
What are the major grapes of Bourgogne?
- Chardonnay 51% of area under vine
- Pinot Noir 39.5% of area under vine
What is in the Bourgogne Passe-Tout-Grains AOC?
At least 30% Pinot Noir and at least 15% Gamay
Other varieties can be used if they are in a field blend.
What grapes are in Crémant de Bourgogne?
Most often:
* Chardonnay
* Pinot Blanc
* Pinot Gris
* Pinot Noit
What is Cremant de Bourgogne “Grand Eminent”?
- minimum 36 months on the lees
- 3 months in the cellar after degorgement
- minimum of 10% alcohol
- Whites: Chardonnay & Pinot Noir only
- Rosés: Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, and up to 20% Gamay
Only first 75% of the juice extracted from the press can be used.
What is Cremant de Bourgogne “Eminent”?
24 months on the lees
Where on the slope are the Premier Crus located?
At the top
Where on the slope are the Grand Crus located?
Mid-Slope
What are the aspect of slopes in the Côte de Nuits and the Côtes de Beaune?
- Côte de Nuits: most vineyards face East
- Côte de Beaune: most face southeast
What are the levels of AOCs in Bourgogne?
- 7 Regional AOCs (52%)
- Village AOCs (37%) + Premier Crus (10%)
- Grand Cru AOCs (1%)
Locate these villages: Côte de Beaune or Côte de Nuits:
* Puligny-Montrachet
* Santenay
* Vougeot
- Puligny-Montrachet: Côte de Beaune
- Santenay: Côte de Beaune
- Vougeot: Côte de Nuits
Where did the compound names for Bourgogne villages come from?
King Louis-Philipe granted the village of Gevrey the right to append the name of its most famous vineyard. Most villages followed suit.
Where are the 33 Grand Crus located in Bourgogne?
- 1 in Chablis (7 Climats)
- 24 in Côte de Nuits (only 1 white)
- 8 Côte de Beaune (only 1 red)
What is the name of the 1 white Grand Cru in the Côte de Nuits?
Musigny
What is the name of the 1 red Grand Cru in the Côte de Beaune?
Corton
Where are these Grand Crus: Chablis, CdN or CdB?
* Chevalier-Montrachet
* Le Clos
* Corton
* Bonnes-Mares
* Le Montrachet
* Valmur
* Chambertin
* La Tâche
- Chevalier-Montrachet: Côte de Beaune
- Le Clos: Chablis
- Corton: Côte de Beaune
- Bonnes-Mares: Côte de Nuits
- Le Montrachet: Côte de Beaune
- Valmur: Chablis
- Chambertin: Côte de Nuits
- La Tâche: Côte de Nuits
How many Chablis AOCs are there?
3
1. Grand Cru AOC (1 Grand Cru with 7 climats)
2. Chablis AOC (40 Premier Cru climats)
3. Petit Chablis AOC
What grapes are found in Saint-Bris AOC?
Sauvignon Blanc & Sauvignon Gris
What grapes dominate the wines of Irancy?
Pinot Noir with up to 10% Cesar
What is the percentage of red & white in the Côte Chalonnaise?
over 60% red
Production volume is almost half of that of the Côte d’Or.
What Côte Chalonnaise AOC is dedicated to Aligoté?
Bouzeron
What are the white-only AOCs in the Cote Chalonnaise?
Bouzeron & Montagny
In the Côte Chalonnaise what AOC is known for Crémant?
Rully
Which is the largest subregion in Bourgogne?
The Mâconnais
with regard to area under vine and wine production
What is the most planted grape variety in the Mâconnais?
Chardonnay
90% Chardonnay on limestone, marls, and flinty clays
What is unique about the soils of the Mâconnais?
The only area in Bourgogne where granite & schist appear.
What percentage of Mâconnais wine is bottled with the regional Mâcon AOC label?
80%
- Mâcon (superieur)
- Mâcon-Villages
- Mâcon-Named Village
How are most red & rosés labeled in Mâcon?
Reds are labeled Mâcon (superieur) or Mâcon + Named Village
NO Macon-Villages
What type of wine does Pouilly-Fuissé make?
white (Chardonnay) only, many of them oaked
Which AOC in the Mâconnais was once part of Beaujolais?
Saint-Véran
What is the newest AOC in the Maconnais?
Viré-Clessé
1999
Locate these villages:
* Mercurey
* Montagny
* Marsannay
* Pouilly-Fuissé
* Bougros
* Nuits-Saint-Georges
Mercurey: Côte Chalonnaise
Montagny: Côte Chalonnaise
Marsannay: Côte de Nuits
Pouilly-Fuissé: Mâconnais
Bougros: Chablis, Grand Cru
Nuits-Saint-Georges: Côte de Nuits
Which village is home to 9 Grand Crus?
Gevrey-Chambertin
What 4 rivers enabled Bourgogne to be on the major trade route between the Celtic Tribes and the Romans?
- Saône
- Rhône
- Loire
- Seine
When did many of the most famous vineyards in Bourgogne get named and delineated?
During the dark ages when the monasteries dominated
Who was the largest landowner in Bourgogne until the French Revolution?
The Benedictine Abbey of Cluny founded in 909 AD near Mâcon
What was Philippe the Bold famous for?
He outlawed the growing of Gamay in the Côte d’Or.
What was John the Fearless famous for?
He was appointed guardian of the future King of France; assassinated for being power-hungry.
What is Philippe the Good known for?
- He captured Joan of Arc and surrendered her to the English.
- He created a charity hospital the Hospices de Beaune for common people.
What happened by the 17th century as Bourgogne’s golden age ended?
- Wine from Bourgogne was 10 times more expensive so only the richest could afford it.
- The nobility began building Chateaux on the Loire, drinking wines from there instead.
What happened to Bourgogne during the French Revolution of 1789?
- Church lands were confiscated and redistributed to the farmers
- The great domains were broken up, only a few monopoles survived
What impact did the Napoleonic Code of 1804 have on Bourgogne?
- It mandated that inheritable property be divided equally among siblings
- This resulted in fractionalization of the vineyards
What affect did Phylloxera have on Bourgogne?
- It significantly reduced the area under vine
- Economic activity took a downturn
- Population declined and the area lost its dynamic momentum
What are the red/rosé and white wine production percentages in Bourgogne?
60% white
29% red and rosé
11% crémant
What percentage of France’s AOCs are in Bourgogne?
About 20%, roughly 100 out of 500+
A clay-limestone mixture is known as?
Marl
T or F? The Côte-d’Or is the western uplift of the Saone Graben.
True
The southernmost sub-region of Bourgogne is?
The Mâconnais
T or F? The soils of Bourgogne are sedimentary in nature?
True
Bourgogne’s colluvial soils are formed by?
Erosion
Where in Bourgogne will you find granite and schist?
The Mâconnais
In Bourgogne, a named parcel of land is often called a . . . ?
climat
Locate these villages:
* Gevrey-Chambertin
* Chambolle-Musigny
* Pommard
* Volnay
* Alox-Corton
Gevrey-Chambertin: Côte de Nuits
Chambolle-Musigny: Côte de Nuits
Pommard: Côte de Beaune
Volnay: Côte de Beaune
Aloxe-Corton: Côte de Beaune