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French Wine Scholar 2024 > South-West > Flashcards

South-West Flashcards

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1
Q

When was the English rule in SW France?

A

During the middle ages (500 - 1500AD) Gascony was incorporated into Aquitaine. This resulted in 300 years of English rule from 1154-1543.

Henry Plantagenet became king in 1154.

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2
Q

What did Bordeaux do to stop the wine competition by SW France?

A
  • During the 13th & 14th centuries, Bordeaux wine merchants imposed a tax against SW wine.
  • They also passed a law stating no SW France wine could be sold until all Bordeaux wine was sold.
  • This was a death blow to the SW France wine industry.
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3
Q

Where is SW France located?

A
  • East: Massif Central
  • West: Atlantic Ocean
  • North: Bordeaux
  • South: Pyrénées and Spanish border
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4
Q

What are the three subregions of SW France that the AOCs are divided into?

A
  1. Dordogne/Bergerac
  2. Garonne, Tarn, and Lot
  3. Pyrenees
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5
Q

What are the primary red grapes of the Dordogne/Bergerac subregion of SW France?

A
  • Cabernet Sauvignon
  • Cabernet Franc
  • Merlot
  • Côt

Fer Servadou & Mérille are secondary.

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6
Q

What are the primary white grapes of the Dordogne-Bergerac subregion of SW France?

A
  • Sauvignon Blanc
  • Sémillon

Others: Chenin, Colombard, Mauzac Blanc, Muscadelle, Ondenc, Ugni Blanc.

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7
Q

What is the primary white grape of the Garonne, Tarn & Lot subregion of SW France?

A

Len de l’El (Loin de l’Oeil)

Saint-Côme and Fel are secondary grapes.

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8
Q

What are the primary red grapes of the Garonne, Tarn & Lot subregion of SW France?

A
  • Côt
  • Négrette
  • Fer Servadou

Gamay, Tannant, Syrah, Duras

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9
Q

What are the primary white grapes of the Pyrenees subregion of SW France?

A
  • Gros Manseng
  • Petit Manseng

Carmarelt, Lauzet, Courbu, Petit Corubu, Baroque, Arrufiac, Raffiat

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10
Q

What is the primary red grape of the Pyrenees subregion of SW France?

A

Tannat

Cabernet Franc & Cabernet Sauvignon

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11
Q

T or F? Merlot is native to SW France.

A

False, it is native to Bordeaux

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12
Q

What are the synonyms for the following grapes in SW France:

Cabernet Franc
Fer Servadou
Malbec

A

Cabernet Franc - Bouchy
Fer Servadou - Pinenc (Madiran), Braucol (Gaillac)
Malbec - Côt

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13
Q

T or F? Gros Manseng and Petit Manseng are grown in the Garonne, Tarn & Lot subregion.

A

False

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14
Q

What are the general white wine styles of SW France?

A
  • Most whites are dry
  • Dessert wines can be made with botrytized or late harvest grapes
  • Sparkling wines are done both via Traditional and Ancestral methods
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15
Q

What are the general red wine styles in SW France?

A

All are dry; some made as vin primeur

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16
Q

What are the wines of the Dordogne/Bergerac subregion Saussignac AOC?

A

Wines are similar style to Monbazillac AOC. Grapes may be late-harvest and/or botrytized.

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17
Q

What are the wines of the Dordogne/Bergerac subregion AOC of Monbazillac?

A

The largest dessert wine appellation by size and volume in France. As a general rule, the wines are sweeter than those from Sauternes.

Grapes must be hand harvested, late-harvest and/or botrytized.

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18
Q

Describe the Pyrénées subregion AOC of Irouléguy.

A
  • Southernmost AOC in SW France
  • Only AOC in the Basque Country
  • Dry white, rosé, red
  • Whites: Blend of at least two varieties.
  • Reds: Must contain a majority of Tannat and/or Cabernet Franc (Cab Sauv can complete)
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19
Q

DescribeVendange Tardives in the Pyrénées subregion AOC Jurançon.

A
  • From Petit Manseng and/or Gros Manseng only.
  • Harvest can’t begin until November 2.
  • Minimum of 2 passes in the vineyard.
  • Cannot be released for sale until June 15th of second year after harvest.
  • Minimum 5.5% RS.
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20
Q

What are the grapes in the Pyrénées subregion AOC of Jurançon for Sec, Moelleux and Liquoreux styles of white wine?

A

Gros Manseng & Petit Manseng must be majority

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21
Q

In the Dordogne/Bergerac subregion which AOCs include Liquoreux wines?

A
  1. Côtes de Bergerac
  2. Monbazillac
  3. Saussignac
  4. Haut-Montravel
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22
Q

In the Garonne, Tarn, and Lot subregion what AOC is for white only?

A

Gaillac Premières Côtes

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23
Q

In the Garonne, Tarn, and Lot subregion, what grapes lead in the Gaillac AOC reds and rosés?

A

Duras
Syrah
Fer Servadou

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24
Q

In the Garonne, Tarn, and Lot subregion, what grapes are in the Gaillac Méthode Ancestrale?

A

Mauzac Blanc and/or Mauzac Rosé

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25
In the Garonne, Tarn, and Lot subregion what grape is in Gaillac red *primeur*?
100% Gamay
26
What are the four major AOCs in the Pyrénées subregion?
1. Madiran 2. Pacherenc du Vic-Bilh 5. Jurançon 7. Iroléguy
27
What Pyrénées subregion AOC is only red?
Madiran
28
In the Pyrénées subregion AOC of Madiran what is Fer Servadou known as?
Pinenc
29
In the Pyrénées subregion AOC of Madiran what is Cabernet Franc known as?
Bouchy
30
What 2 Pyrénées subregion AOCs can only produce white wines?
1. Pacherenc de Vic-Bilh 2. Jurançon | Mansengs rule here
31
What are the primary grapes in the Pyrénées subregion AOCs?
White: Gros & Petit Manseng Red: Tannat
32
What are the grapes in the Cahors AOC?
Primary: Côt Secondary: Merlot, Tannat | Long referred to as "black wines"
33
T or F? Malbec is indigenous to SW France.
True
34
What grapes are in the Garonne, Tarn, and Lot subregion AOC of Gaillac for dry and sweet whites?
**Dry whites:** Mauzac, Mauzac Rose, Muscadelle and Len de l'El. **Sweet whites:** Doux: Mauzac, Muscadelle, and Len de l'El *Vendanges Tardives*: Len de l'El & Ondenc
35
What primary grapes are in the Garonne, Tarn, and Lot subregion AOC of Gaillac Premières-Côtes dry whites?
1. Len de l'El 1. Mauzac Blanc 1. Muscadelle | Dry white only in this AOC
36
What grapes are in the Garonne, Tarn, and Lot subregion AOC of Gaillac sparkling white?
**Traditional Method:** Len de l'El & Mauzac **Methode Ancestrale:** Mauzac Blanc and/or Rose
37
When did formal viticulture begin in SW France?
1st century BC by the Romans. Long before Bordeaux was ever planted to the vine.
38
What makes the SW Region of France unique?
* Two distinct river systems * AOCs & subregions are more dissimilar than similar * Most AOCs are unknown
39
Describe the Pyrenees AOC of Pacherenc du Vic Bilh.
* Pacherenc and Madiran cover the exact geographic area. * Pacherenc is for white and Madiran is for red. * Dry white and sweet wine (*passerillage*)
40
What are the grapes of AOC Pacherenc du Vic Bilh: Moelleux & Liquoreux whites?
Follows the same blending formula (at least two varieties, one which is a primary) as Pacherenc du Vic Bilh Sec but with minimum 4.5% RS. Moelleux (semi-sweet). | Primary: Gros Manseng, Petit Manseng, Courbu, Petit Courbu
41
What grapes are in the Pyrénées AOC of Madiran?
Wines must contain more than 50% Tannat | Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, and Fer Servadou can complete blend.
42
What is the largest and most significant IGP in SW France?
Côtes de Gascogne IGP
43
What are some characteristics of the Côtes de Gascogne IGP?
* One of the most important IGP in all of France (second to Pays d'Oc IGP) * 100 million bottles annually * 75% of production is dry white * shares the same zone of production as Armagnac
44
Which SW France subregion grows Petit and Gros Manseng?
Pyrénées
45
T or F? Gaillac Premières Côtes AOC makes late harvest wines from Chenin.
False | Doesn't make late harvest and doesn't use Chenin. Dry white only.
46
T or F? Cahors is located in the Garonne,Tarn, and Lot subregion
True
47
Braucol (Gaillac) and Pinenc (Madiran) are all synonyms for what grape variety?
Fer Servadou
48
What grape variety is most associated with the Cahors AOC?
Côt
49
What 3 grapes are used to make the sweet wines of Monbazillac, Saussignac, and Rosette AOCs?
1. Sauvignon Blanc 1. Sémillon 1. Muscadelle
50
The term *Liquoreux* refers to?
sweet wines made from late-harvest grapes always affected by noble rot
51
What wine styles are produced in Côtes de Bergerac?
red, semi-sweet to sweet white | Higher alcohol than Bergerac AOC wines
52
What SW France AOC is the only AOC located within French Basque Country?
Irouléguy AOC
53
What SW France AOC makes wines mainly from Tannat?
Madiran
54
What SW subregion produces wines the closest in style to Bordeaux?
Dordogne/Bergerac
55
What style of wine is made in the Monbazillac, Saussignac, Rosette AOCs?
sweet and semi-sweet wines
56
What is the name of the river that runs through Gaillac?
The Tarn
57
Where was micro-oxygenation invented?
The Madiran AOC in SW France | Introduced by Patrick Duconurnau while working with Tannat.
58
What SW France subregion lies in a rain shadow?
Pyrenees
59
Who invented the micro-oxygenation winemaking technique?
Patrick Ducournau | in 1991
60
What grape variety is used to make Gaillac Primeur?
Gamay
61
What SW France AOC makes sparkling wine using Ancestral Method?
Gaillac AOC
62
The term Moelleux refers to?
Semi-sweet wines made from late-harvest grapes with or without Botrytis
63
Which SW France AOCs are most associated with Len de l'El variety?
Gaillac AOC & Gaillac Premières Côtes AOC
64
The Pacherenc du Vic-Bilh AOC covers the same geographical area as which other appellation?
Madiran AOC | Madiran is red only; Pecherenc du Vic-Bilh in white only
65
What style of wine is produced in the Jurançon AOC?
White wines based on Gros & Petit Manseng | Dry, semi-sweet, sweet
66
Côt is a synonym for what other grape variety?
Malbec
67
In SW France, Cabernet Franc is also known as?
Bouchy
68
What is the river that runs through Cahors?
The Lot
69
What is the river the runs through Bergerac?
The Dordogne
70
What are the climates of the SW France subregions?
**Dordogne/Bergerac:** as a whole has continental climate with maritime influences; slightly warmer and more sun than Bordeaux. **Garonne, Tarn & Lot:** continental with maritime and Mediterranean influences. **Pyrénées:** continental with some maritime influences; impacted by the Pyrenees rain shadow & foehn winds and cool air masses.
71
What are the major AOCs of Dordogne/Bergerac subregion?
1. Bergerac AOC 2. Côtes de Bergerac AOC 3. Monbazillac AOC 4. Saussignac AOC

French Wine Scholar 2024 (17 decks)

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