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French Wine Scholar 2024 > South-West > Flashcards

South-West Flashcards

1
Q

When was the English rule in SW France?

A

During the middle ages (500 - 1500AD) Gascony was incorporated into Aquitaine. This resulted in 300 years of English rule.

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2
Q

What did Bordeaux do to stop the wine competition by SW France?

A
  • During the 13th & 14th centuries, Bordeaux wine merchants imposed a tax against SW wine.
  • They also passed a law stating no SW France wine could be sold until all Bordeaux wine was sold.
  • This was a death blow to the SW France wine industry.
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3
Q

Where is SW France located?

A
  • East: Massif Central
  • West: Atlantic Ocean
  • North: Bordeaux
  • South: Pyrénées and Spanish border
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4
Q

What are the three subregions of SW France that the AOCs are divided into?

A
  1. Dordogne/Bergerac
  2. Garonne, Tarn, and Lot
  3. Pyrenees
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5
Q

What are the primary red grapes of the Dordogne/Bergerac subregion of SW France?

A
  • Cabernet Sauvignon
  • Cabernet Franc
  • Merlot
  • Côt

Fer Servadou & Mérille are secondary.

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6
Q

What are the primary white grapes of the Dordogne-Bergerac subregion of SW France?

A
  • Sauvignon Blanc
  • Sémillon

Others: Chenin, Colombard, Mauzac Blanc, Muscadelle, Ondenc, Ugni Blanc.

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7
Q

What is the primary white grape of the Garonne, Tarn & Lot subregion of SW France?

A

Len de l’El (Loin de l’Oeil)

Saint-Côme and Fel are secondary grapes.

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8
Q

What are the primary red grapes of the Garonne, Tarn & Lot subregion of SW France?

A
  • Côt
  • Fer Servadou
  • Négrette

Gamay, Tannant, Syrah, Duras

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9
Q

What are the primary white grapes of the Pyrenees subregion of SW France?

A
  • Gros Manseng
  • Petit Manseng

Carmarelt, Lauzet, Courbu, Petit Corubu, Baroque, Arrufiac, Raffiat

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10
Q

What is the primary red grape of the Pyrenees subregion of SW France?

A

Tannat

Cabernet Franc & Cabernet Sauvignon

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11
Q

T or F? Merlot is native to SW France.

A

False, it is native to Bordeaux

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12
Q

What are the synonyms for the following grapes in SW France:

Cabernet Franc
Fer Servadou
Malbec

A

Cabernet Franc - Bouchy
Fer Servadou - Pinenc (Madiran), Braucol (Gaillac)
Malbec - Côt

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13
Q

T or F? Gros Manseng and Petit Manseng are grown in the Garonne, Tarn & Lot subregion.

A

False

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14
Q

What are the general white wine styles of SW France?

A
  • Most whites are dry
  • Dessert wines can be made with botrytized or late harvest grapes
  • Sparkling wines are done both via Traditional and Ancestral methods
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15
Q

What are the general red wine styles in SW France?

A

All are dry; some made as vin primeur

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16
Q

What are the wines of the Dordogne/Bergerac subregion Saussignac AOC?

A

Wines are similar style to Monbazillac AOC. Grapes may be late-harvest and/or botrytized.

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17
Q

What are the wines of the Dordogne/Bergerac subregion AOC of Monbazillac?

A

The largest dessert wine appellation by size and volume in France. As a general rule, the wines are sweeter than those from Sauternes.

Grapes must be hand harvested, late-harvest and/or botrytized.

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18
Q

Describe the Pyrénées subregion AOC of Irouléguy.

A
  • Southernmost AOC in SW France
  • Only AOC in the Basque Country
  • Dry white, rosé, red
  • Whites: Blend of at least two varieties.
  • Reds: Must contain a majority of Tannat and/or Cabernet Franc (Cab Sauv can complete)
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19
Q

DescribeVendange Tardives in the Pyrénées subregion AOC Jurançon.

A
  • From Petit Manseng and/or Gros Manseng only.
  • Harvest can’t begin until November 2.
  • Minimum of 2 passes in the vineyard.
  • Cannot be released for sale until June 15th of second year after harvest.
  • Minimum 5.5% RS.
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20
Q

What are the grapes in the Pyrénées subregion AOC of Jurançon for Sec, Moelleux and Liquoreux styles of white wine?

A

Gros Manseng & Petit Manseng must be majority

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21
Q

In the Dordogne/Bergerac subregion which AOCs include Liquoreux wines?

A
  1. Côtes de Bergerac
  2. Monbazillac
  3. Saussignac
  4. Haut-Montravel
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22
Q

In the Garonne, Tarn, and Lot subregion what AOC is for white only?

A

Gaillac Premières Côtes

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23
Q

In the Garonne, Tarn, and Lot subregion, what grapes lead in the Gaillac AOC: reds and rosés?

A

Duras
Syrah
Fer Servadou

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24
Q

In the Garonne, Tarn, and Lot subregion, what grapes are in the Gaillac Méthode Acenstrale?

A

Mauzac Blanc and/or Mauzac Rosé

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25
Q

In the Garonne, Tarn, and Lot subregion what grape is in Gaillac red primeur?

A

100% Gamay

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26
Q

What are the four major AOCs in the Pyrénées subregion?

A
  1. Madiran
  2. Pacherenc du Vic-Bilh
  3. Jurançon
  4. Iroléguy
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27
Q

What Pyrénées subregion AOC is only red?

A

Madiran

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28
Q

In the Pyrénées subregion AOC of Madiran what is Fer Servadou known as?

A

Pinenc

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29
Q

In the Pyrénées subregion AOC of Madiran what is Cabernet Franc known as?

A

Bouchy

30
Q

What 2 Pyrénées subregion AOCs can only produce white wines?

A
  1. Pacherenc de Vic-Bilh
  2. Jurançon

Mansengs rule here

31
Q

What are the primary grapes in the Pyrénées subregion AOCs?

A

White: Gros & Petit Manseng
Red: Tannat

32
Q

What are the grapes in the Cahors AOC?

A

Primary: Côt
Secondary: Merlot, Tannat

Long referred to as “black wines”

33
Q

T or F? Malbec is indigenous to SW France.

A

True

34
Q

What grapes are in the Garonne, Tarn, and Lot subregion AOC of Gaillac for dry and sweet whites?

A

Dry whites:
Mauzac, Mauzac Rose, Muscadelle and Len de l’El.

Sweet whites:
Doux: Mauzac, Muscadelle, and Len de l’El
Vendanges Tardives: Len de l’El & Ondenc

35
Q

What primary grapes are in the Garonne, Tarn, and Lot subregion AOC of Gaillac Premières-Côtes dry whites?

A
  1. Len de l’El
  2. Mauzac Blanc
  3. Muscadelle

Dry white only in this AOC

36
Q

What grapes are in the Garonne, Tarn, and Lot subregion AOC of Gaillac sparkling white?

A

Traditional Method: Len de l’El & Mauzac
Methode Ancestrale: Mauzac Blanc and/or Rose

37
Q

When did formal viticulture begin in SW France?

A

1st century BC by the Romans. Long before Bordeaux was ever planted to the vine.

38
Q

What makes the SW Region of France unique?

A
  • Two distinct river systems
  • AOCs & subregions are more dissimilar than similar
  • Most AOCs are unknown
39
Q

Describe the Pyrenees AOC of Pacherenc du Vic Bilh.

A
  • Pacherenc and Madiran cover the exact geographic area.
  • Pacherenc is for white and Madiran is for red.
  • Dry white and sweet wine (passerillage)
40
Q

What are the grapes of AOC Pacherenc du Vic Bilh: Moelleux & Liquoreux whites?

A

Follows the same blending formula (at least two varieties, one which is a primary) as Pacherenc du Vic Bilh Sec but with minimum 4.5% RS.

Primary: Gros Manseng, Petit Manseng, Courbu, Petit Courbu

41
Q

What grapes are in the Pyrénées AOC of Madiran?

A

Wines must contain more than 50% Tannat

Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, and Fer Servadou can complete blend.

42
Q

What is the largest and most significant IGP in SW France?

A

Côtes de Gascogne IGP

43
Q

What are some characteristics of the Côtes de Gascogne IGP?

A
  • One of the most important IGP in all of France (second to Pays d’Oc IGP)
  • 100 million bottles annually
  • 75% of production is dry white
  • shares the same zone of production as Armagnac
44
Q

Which SW France subregion grows Petit and Gros Manseng?

A

Pyrénées

45
Q

T or F? Gaillac Premières Côtes AOC makes late harvest wines from Chenin.

A

False

Doesn’t make late harvest and doesn’t use Chenin. Dry white only.

46
Q

T or F? Cahors is located in the Garonne,Tarn, and Lot subregion

A

True

47
Q

Braucol (Gaillac) and Pinenc (Madiran) are all synonyms for what grape variety?

A

Fer Servadou

48
Q

What grape variety is most associated with the Cahors AOC?

A

Côt

49
Q

What 3 grapes are used to make the sweet wines of Monbazillac, Saussignac, and Rosette AOCs?

A
  1. Sauvignon Blanc
  2. Sémillon
  3. Muscadelle
50
Q

The term Liquoreux refers to?

A

sweet wines made from late-harvest grapes always affected by noble rot

51
Q

What wine styles are produced in Côtes de Bergerac?

A

red, semi-sweet to sweet white

Higher alcohol than Bergerac AOC wines

52
Q

What SW France AOC is the only AOC located within French Basque Country?

A

Irouléguy AOC

53
Q

What SW France AOC makes wines mainly from Tannat?

A

Madiran

54
Q

What SW subregion produces wines the closest in style to Bordeaux?

A

Dordogne/Bergerac

55
Q

What style of wine is made in the Monbazillac, Saussignac, Rosette AOCs?

A

sweet and semi-sweet wines

56
Q

What is the name of the river that runs through Gaillac?

A

The Tarn

57
Q

Where was micro-oxygenation invented?

A

The Madiran AOC in SW France

Introduced by Patrick Duconurnau while working with Tannat.

58
Q

What SW France subregion lies in a rain shadow?

A

Pyrenees

59
Q

Who invented the micro-oxygenation winemaking technique?

A

Patrick Ducournau

60
Q

What grape variety is used to make Gaillac Primeur?

A

Gamay

61
Q

What SW France AOC makes sparkling wine using Ancestral Method?

A

Gaillac AOC

62
Q

The term Moelleux refers to?

A

Semi-sweet wines made from late-harvest grapes with or without Botrytis

63
Q

Which SW France AOCs are most associated with Len de l’El variety?

A

Gaillac AOC & Gaillac Premières Côtes AOC

64
Q

The Pacherenc du Vic-Bilh AOC covers the same geographical area as which other appellation?

A

The Madiran AOC

Madiran is red only; Pecherenc du Vic-Bilh in white only

65
Q

What style of wine is produced in the Jurançon AOC?

A

White wines based on Gros & Petit Manseng

Dry, semi-sweet, sweet

66
Q

Côt is a synonym for what other grape variety?

A

Malbec

67
Q

In SW France, Cabernet Franc is also known as?

A

Bouchy

68
Q

What is the river that runs through Cahors?

A

The Lot

69
Q

What is the river the runs through Bergerac?

A

The Dordogne

70
Q

What are the climates of the SW France subregions?

A

Dordogne/Bergerac: as a whole has continental climate with maritime influences; slightly warmer and more sun than Bordeaux.

Garonne, Tarn & Lot: continental with maritime and Mediterranean influences.

Pyrénées: continental with some maritime influences; impacted by the Pyrenees rain shadow & foehn winds and cool air masses.

71
Q

What are the major AOCs of Dordogne/Bergerac subregion?

A
  1. Bergerac AOC
  2. Côtes de Bergerac AOC
  3. Monbazillac AOC
  4. Saussignac AOC

French Wine Scholar 2024 (15 decks)

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