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LHW > Bovine metabolic disease > Flashcards

Bovine metabolic disease Flashcards

1
Q

Name the possible types of post-calving metabolic disease to occur in cows

A 
milk fever
RFM
metritis
endometritis
DA (left or otherwise)
ketosis
fat metabolism syndrome
fertility issues
lameness
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2
Q

as with anything with cows - what are the major RF for any metabolic dz

A

reduced DMI
NEB
immunosuppression

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3
Q

what actually is MILK FEVER

A

hypOcal

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4
Q

what are the clinical sign of milk fever

A 
recumbent (characteristic S-bend)
hyper-excitation
tremor
NO POO (lack of motility)
dry noses
\+- bloat (recumbent, no eructation)
slow HR and pulses
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5
Q

wha re some other common ddx for milk fever

A

e coli mastitis (endotoxaemic BUT no d++ or high HR!)
botulism
salmonellosis
calving intervals - nerve damage or femoral head lig damage

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6
Q

how can you tx milk fever/

A 
Ca borogluconate (40%) iv SLOWLY IV if shes recumbent
AND foston for ANY hypoPO4 (wont harm if nto)
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7
Q

when is hypocal likely to be seen in sheep``

A

pre-lambing or high stress

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8
Q

how can you try and prevent milk fever?

A

encourage PTH release BEFORE Ca is needed:

  • feed low Ca++ diet
  • feed high Mg
  • Ca bolus at carving
  • encourage maximum DMI PRE-calving
  • feed high K+ (grass silage!)
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9
Q

other than the metabolic effects of milk fever - what other considerations must be made?

A

myopathy wi 24hrs being recumbant

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10
Q

after how long of a cow being recumbent does the px really decrease??

A

72hrs - probs wont ever stand

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11
Q

how often should you shift a recumbent cow

A

q 3hrly

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12
Q

how many mg of Ca is in 1L of colostrum

A

2.3mg of Ca / L of colostrum

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13
Q

why does hypoMg have anything to do with milk fever>

A

Mg is required to help intestinal absorption of Ca++

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14
Q

what does PTH do

A

inc Ca release
inc Oclasts
helps abs

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15
Q

how does acid:base balance effects the likelihood of getting milk fever

A

Ca is bound to albumin - this is reduced by low pH

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16
Q

whats Ca actually needed for?

A

muscle fct ALL types
nerve impulses
immune responses
…..

17
Q

when might hypophosphateaemia occur in its own right?

A

peri-parturient haemogloburia

18
Q

after a downer cow has been given calcium, and it still wont rise - what else could you try

A

give foston I/v (Phosphate) as may be hypoPO4 too

19
Q

is milk fever always clinically obv

A

no - subclinical too = RF for other diseases (mastitis, immune suppression, metritis…)

20
Q

whatis grass staggers

A

hypoMg

21
Q

how do you treat hypoMg

A

be quiet
control convulsions - xylazine
give Ca borogluc slowly AND then magnesium iv

22
Q

what are the signs of hypomag

A

death
convulsions + recumbent
hypersensitive + twitchy = early signs

23
Q

what causes hypoMg

A

theres no body reserves - all from diet
7L of milk takes the entire plasma vlume of mg
lush pastures
fertilised pasture as these have high K, which prev abs of Mg

24
Q

how can you prevent hypomag

A 
bolus
licks
supplement feed
sprinkle over food
change pasture
give straw to slow GI transit time
25
Q

regarding ketosis and fat mobilisation syndrome…. which VFA goe to prod glucose by reacting with oxalo-acatate ?

A

proprionate

26
Q

where do the other 2 VFAs go to help produce glucose

A

to acetyl co a

27
Q

lipolysis releases why from the fat reserves for E

A

NEFAs and glycerol

28
Q

whichVFA is basically ‘in charge’ of glucose prod via gluconeogenesis

A

proprionate - as its needed to make oxalo-acatate

29
Q

why are ketones bodies no good for brain and milk prod

A

cant be used in nervous system for E, or for making lactose

only used in muscle for E

30
Q

what are the clinical signs of ketosis

A 
red milk yeidl 
selective anorexia (don't like conc)
ketonaemia
shiny poo
poss presentation = 'nervous ketosis'
31
Q

what does nervoud ketosis look like

A 
hyper-excitable
twitchy
maniacal licking
bellowing
aggression
32
Q

what are the ddx which you might be concerned about for nervous ketosis

A

BSE
hypoMag
Listeriosis

33
Q

how do you treat ketosis

A

oral propylene glycol
csteroids
glucose 40% iv
vit B12

34
Q

how do you diagnose sub-clinical ketosis

A

BOHB in blood -target is <10% of the ‘@ risk’ cows are below 1.4mml/L
blood NEFA - check in 2wks BEFORE calving. aim for <0.4mmol/L

35
Q

how can herd level sub clin ketosis be monitored?

A

milk :online monthly recording of yield, BF, MP and SCC

kg loss: NEB, ketone level and NEFA, high BF%

36
Q

to monitor kg loss, and to target nutrition, when should you BCS cows

A

100 d BEFORE dry-off, then you can aim to get them to 2.5 by dry period

LHW (13 decks)

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