Bovine Renal System Flashcards

(27 cards)

1
Q

Leptospirosis is zoonotic and a huge hazard

for milkers in dairy barns and vets.

What signs are seen in human infection?

A

Myalgia, aches and pains, fever

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2
Q

What are the sources of Leptospirosis?

A

URINE and wet areas (viable in moist soil for 180 days)

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3
Q

Abortions due to Leptospirosis in cows

occur ____ weeks post-infection

A

3 weeks

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4
Q

Calves with Leptospirosis

can die suddenly from

_______ anemia

A

hemolytic

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5
Q

How is Leptospirosis diagnosed?

A

PCR and MAT (Microscope Agglutination Test)

of urine, blood, tissue

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6
Q

How is Leptospirosis treated

and prevented?

A

Oxytetracycline

Prevented with Multivalent Bacterin Vaccine 2x/year

(only contains 5 of the serovars)

and limited access to low areas with pooled water- swamos and ponds

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7
Q

What is the main cause of pyelonephritis in cows?

A

Corynebacterium renale

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8
Q

In cases of pyelonephritis,

renal palpation reveals a painful enlargement of the

______ kidney,

where as on U/S, you can only image the ____ kidney

A

Palpation- LEFT kidney

U/S- RIGHT kidney

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9
Q

How is Pyelonephritis (Corynebacterium renale)

treated in cattle?

A

Procaine Penicillin G (PPG)

and

Ammonium Chloride (urinary acidifier)

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10
Q

This is a disease complex resulting in deposition

of B-pleated fibrils formed from various proteins

in the kidney, liver, and adrenals;

It occurs in cattle > 4 years old and is rare

A

Amyloidosis

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11
Q

What changes do you expect to seen on

CBC/CHEM in cases of Amyloidosis?

A

Proteinuria, Hypoalbuminemia

Elevated serum CREA and BUN

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12
Q

How is Amyloidosis diagnosed?

A

Renal biopsy

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13
Q

This disease is associated with protein loss

and thus, Bottle Jaw and Brisket Edema,

and can be diagnosed via renal biopsy

A

Amyloidosis

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14
Q

IMPORTANT QUESTION:

What are your 7 differentials for

BOTTLE JAW in Cattle?

A

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)

Johne’s Disease

Parasites (Ostertagia)

Amyloidosis

Malignant Edema (Clostridium septicum)

High Altitude Disease

Liver Failure

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15
Q

________ is an immunologic dz resulting in

deposition of Ag-Ab complexes in the kidney.

It is associated with weight loss, chronic diarrhea, and

generalized edema and diagnosed via renal biopsy

A

Glomerulonephritis

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16
Q

Acute Tubular Necrosis

is seen most commonly when ________

are used to treat neonatal diarrhea

A

Aminoglycosides

17
Q

How is Acute Tubular Necrosis (d/t Aminoglycoside tx

of neonatal diarrhea) treated?

A

Mannitol

Dopamine

Furosemide

18
Q

Obstructive Urolithiasis is almost exclusively a disease of males and is related to diet, and overfeeding _____,

which is high in phosphorus

19
Q

In cases of Obstructive Urolithiasis,

Acidification of urine can reduce

________ uroliths

but does not effect ______ uroliths

A

In cases of Obstructive Urolithiasis,

Acidification of urine can reduce

struvite uroliths

but does not effect silica uroliths

20
Q

What 3 clinical syndromes are associated with

Obstructive Urolithiasis?

A

Urethral Obstruction

Urethral Rupture

Urinary Bladder Rupture

21
Q

In cases of Urethral Obstruction in the bovine,

_____ can be seen on the preputial hairs before

the animal actually becomes obstructed.

22
Q

In cases of Urethral Obstruction in the bovine,

calculi most often lodge at the _________

A

sigmoid flexure!

23
Q

Urethral Rupture occus near the sigmoid flexure

and urine leakage into the surrounding tissues results in

necrosis and gangrene of tissues

and swelling at this location

A

Ventral Abdomen

24
Q

T/F:

Uremic animals or animals with a high BUN

are condemned at slaughter

25
How is urolithiasis treated?
Antispasmodics (early in dz) or Surgery (Urethrostomy, Exploratory Laparotomy)
26
How is urolithiasis prevented?
Add CALCIUM to balance the Ca:P ratio Add SALT to stimulate water drinking Ammonium Chloride up to 0.5%
27
The most common renal tumor in cows is
Lymphosarcoma (LSA)