Brachium and Cubital Fossa

Question 1

brachial fascia?

Answer 1

continuous with fascia of shoulder muscles above, attached to humeral epicondyles and olecranon process

continuous with the antebrachial fascia below

**encases are in cylindrical sheath

Question 2

what separates arm into anterior and posterior compartments?

Answer 2

intermuscular septa

Question 3

intermuscular septa?

Answer 3

two laminae that enclose the neurovascular compartment

Question 4

neurovascular compartment of arm

Answer 4

brachial artery and veins, median nerve, and musculocutaneous and ulnar nerves superiorly

Question 5

biceps brachii attachments?

Answer 5

origin:
long head - supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
short head - coracoid process of scapula

insertion:
common tendon to radial tubersoity, also via bicipital aponeurosis to antebrachial fascia covering the flexor forearm muscles

Question 6

biceps brachii action?

Answer 6

flexes forearm and supinates the hand
most powerful supinator above 90 degree flexion
long head also assists in flexion of arm

Question 7

biceps brachii innervation?

Answer 7

musculocutaneous nerve

Question 8

brachialis attachments?

Answer 8

origin:
half way up anterior surface of humerus

insertion:
coronoid process and tuberosity of ulna

Question 9

brachialis action?

Answer 9

flexion of forearm

-most powerful of three primary forearm flexors

Question 10

brachialis innervation?

Answer 10

musculocutaneous nerve

Question 11

anterior compartment muscles?

Answer 11

biceps brachii, brachialis, and coracobrachialis

Question 12

brachioradialis attachments?

Answer 12

origin:
lateral supercondylar ridge of humerus

insertion:
lateral radius at base of styloid process

Question 13

brachioradialis action?

Answer 13

flexion of foerarm

-best mechanical advantage when hand is midway between supination and pronation (handshake)

Question 14

brachioradialis innervation?

Answer 14

radial nerve

Question 15

corachobrachialis attachments?

Answer 15

origin:
coracoid process of scapula

insertion:
middle third, medial surface of humerus

Question 16

corachobrachialis actions?

Answer 16

flexion, adduction of humerus

Question 17

corachobrachialis innervation?

Answer 17

musculocutaneous nerve

Question 18

muscles of posterior compartment of arm?

Answer 18

triceps brachii and anconeus

Question 19

triceps brachii attachments?

Answer 19

origin:
long head - infraglenoid tubercle of scapule
lateral head - posterior surface of humerus proximal to radial groove
medial head - posterior surface of humerus distal to radial groove

insertion:
posterior surface of olecranon process of ulna

Question 20

triceps brachii actions?

Answer 20

all heads act to extend forearm

long head extends and adducts arm

Question 21

triceps brachii innervation?

Answer 21

radial nerve

Question 22

anconeus attachments?

Answer 22

origin:
poseterior surface lateral epicondyle of humerus

insertion:
lateral surface of olecranon and proximal posterior surface of ulna

Question 23

anconeus actions?

Answer 23

assists triceps in extension of forearm

Question 24

anconeus innervations?

Answer 24

radial nerve

Question 25

three primary forearm flexors?

Answer 25

biceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis

Question 26

beginning of brachial artery?

Answer 26

continuation of axillary once it passes inferior border of teres major

Question 27

course of brachial artery?

Answer 27

courses within neurovascular compartment through medial brachium

Question 28

end of brachial artery?

Answer 28

within cubital fossa when it divides to radial and ulnar arteries

Question 29

deep brachial artery?

Answer 29

largest branch of brachial artery - arises posteromedial aspect - accompanies radial nerve - ends when divides into middle and radial collateral arteries which anastamose with interosseus and radial recurrent arteries, respectively

Question 30

superior ulnar collateral artery?

Answer 30

branch of medial mid brachial artery -courses inferiorly with ulnar nerve and goes posterior to medial epicondyle -anastomose with posterior ulnar recurrent

Question 31

inferior ulnar collateral artery?

Answer 31

branch of medial distal brachial artery | -courses anterior to medial epicondyle and anastomose with anterior ulnar recurrent artery

Question 32

cephalic vein

Answer 32

superficial vein -arises on lateral dorsum of hand and goes superior through forearm and along anterolateral surface of bicep courses between deltoid and pectoralis major to disappear within deltopectoral triangle where it will pierce costocoracoid membrane to join axillary vein

Question 33

basilic vein

Answer 33

superficial vein arises on medial dorsum of hand and goes posteriomedial aspect of forearm and medial surface of arm piercing brachial fascia at midportion

Question 34

median cubital vein

Answer 34

joins cephailc and basilic veins anastomosis is variable

Question 35

brachial vein

Answer 35

deep veins formed by union of radial and ulnar veins course parallel to brachial artery -superficial basilic vein, after piercing brachial fascia, runs parallel to brachial veins

Question 36

where does basilic vein join brachial vein?

Answer 36

at approximately the inferior border of teres major muscle forms the axillary vein

Question 37

median nerve

Answer 37

C6, C7, C8, T1 exits axilla anterior to brachial artery -in neurovascular compartment becomes medial to artery courses through cubital fossa deep to the bicipital aponeurosis NO BRANCHES TO BRACHIUM

Question 38

ulnar nerve

Answer 38

C8, T1 exits axilla medial to brachial artery in brachial neurovascular compartment exits compartment with superior ulnar collateral midway in brachium by piercing the posterior lamina of medial intermuscular septum travels inferiorly along posterior surface of septum to eventually exit arm between medial epicondyle of humerus and olecranon process of ulna

Question 39

musculocutaneus nerve

Answer 39

C5, C6, C7 leaves axilla lateral to axillary artery and traverses corachobrachialis piercing it runs inferiorly between biceps and brachialis exits under lateral inferior edge of biceps to become lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve innervates corachobrachialis, biceps, brachialis (anterior compartment)

Question 40

radial nerve

Answer 40

C5, C6, C7, C8, T1 exits axilla posterior to brachial artery and anterior to long head of triceps courses between lateral and medial heads of triceps within radial groove with the deep brachial artery after circumventing the humerus, nerve pierces the lateral intermuscular septumand comes to lie between the brachialis and brachioradialis muscles at lateral epicondyle, divides into superficial and deep branches pass via separate routes in forearm in arm, radial nerve innervates triceps, and a portion of skin on posterior surface of arm

Question 41

radial groove?

Answer 41

between medial and lateral head of triceps brachii location of the radial nerve and deep brachial artery

Question 42

boundaries of cubital fossa?

Answer 42

``` lateral - brachioradialis medial - pronator teres superior - line drawn through both humeral epicondyles roof - deep fascia floor - brachialis and supinator ```

Question 43

contents of cubital fossa?

Answer 43

tendon, artery, nerve (lateral to medial) biceps tendon brachial artery divides to radial and ulnar median nerve

Question 44

structures associated with cubital fossa

Answer 44

superficial: median cubital nerve and latera antebrachial cutaneous nerve (from musculocutaneous) deep: bifurcation of radial nerve into its superficial and deep branches