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MSS - MSK Exam 2 > Pectoral Region and Axilla > Flashcards

Pectoral Region and Axilla Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

median furrow

A

between sternal attachments of pectoralis major muscle

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2
Q

sternal angle

A

between manubrium and sternum

**junction of second rib

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3
Q

nipple

A

male/pre-pubertal female

-at point of junction with second rib

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4
Q

anterior axillary fold

A

lateral border of pectoralis major

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5
Q

deltopectoral triangle

A

junction of:
clavicle
deltoid
pectoralis major

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6
Q

deltopectoral groove

A

between deltoid and pectoralis major

-cephalic vein location

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7
Q

supraclavicular nerves

A

C3 and C4 from cervical plexus

-superficial structure

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8
Q

anterior and lateral cutaneous branches

A

from ventral rami of thoracic spinal nerves

-superficial structure

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9
Q

cephalic vein

A

travels in interval between deltoid and pectoralis major

  • dives into deltopectoral triangle
  • pierces costocoracoid membrane
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10
Q

breast changes during puberty?

A

increased in number of ducts
proliferation of glands
increased fat deposition
further proliferation with each menstrual cycle
pregnancy - increase in glandular tissue dramatic

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11
Q

supernumary?

A

extra rudimentary breasts or nipples

-along milk line

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12
Q

axillary tail

A

superolateral extension of breast

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13
Q

glandular structure of breasts?

A

parenchyma
apex directed toward nipple
-drained by single lactiferous duct

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14
Q

lactiferous sinus

A

storage area for secreted products

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15
Q

supportive structures of breast?

A

stroma

each lobe surrounded by connective tissue
-rests upon deep fascia

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16
Q

fat in breast

A

between glandular tissue and skin

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17
Q

coopers ligaments

A

collagens bundles within superficial fascia and run between the skin and deep fascia

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18
Q

sphincter in nipple?

A

smooth muscle layer

-sphincter for excretory ducts

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19
Q

mammary glands?

A

modified sweat glands

no fibrous capsule
no specialized vascular supply, nerve, or lymph drainage

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20
Q

vascular supply of the breast?

A

internal thoracic artery sends perforating arteries through intercostal spaces 2-4

lateral thoracic artery (2nd portion of axillary artery)

anterior and lateral cutaneous branches of intercostal arteries 3-5 (enter gland from deep side)

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21
Q

veins of breast?

A

venae comitantes of arterial supply

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22
Q

lymphatic drainage of breast

A

75% to axillary lymph nodes
25% to parasternal nodes

drainage can also go to other side
-circumareolar

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23
Q

attachment of pectoralis major

A

origin:
medial inferior border of clavicle, manubrium, sternum, costal cartilage 2-6, external abdominal oblique aponeurosis

insertion:
crest of greater tubercle of humerus

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24
Q

action of pectoralis major

A

adducts and medially rotates humerus

clavicular head flexes humerus

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25
innervation of pectoralis major
medial and lateral pectoral nerves
26
attachment of pectoralis minor
origin: outer surface of rib 3-5 )or 2-5) insertion: coracoid process of scapula
27
action of pectoralis minor
protracts and depresses scapula | also, accessory muscle for respiration
28
innervation of pectoralis minor
medial pectoral nerve
29
attachment of subclavius
origin: upper border of 1st rib and costal cartilage insertion: inferior surface of clavicle
30
action of subclavius
pulls lateral end of clavicle downward and forward | resists excessive elevation and protraction
31
innervation of subclavius?
nerve to subclavius
32
clavipectoral fascia
envelopes subclavius and pectoralis minor
33
costocoracoid membrane
upper portion of clavipectiral fascia medial and lateral attachments -spans interval between subclavius and pec minor
34
what pierces costocoracoid membrane
cephalic vein thoracoacromial artery lateral pectoral nerve
35
suspensory ligament of axilla
lower portion of clavipectoral fascia after it sweeps from both sides of pec minor to form single thickened sheet which terminates at floor of axilla **dome-like configuration of the axilla floor
36
axilla
tetrahedral shaped space at junction of upper limb and thorax -boundaries form a passageway for nerves from neck and vessels from thorax
37
apex of axilla?
junction of clavicle, scapula, and first rub forming the cervicoaxillary canal
38
base of axilla?
axillary fascia
39
anterior wall of axilla?
pectoralis major and minor and clavipectoral fascia
40
posterior wall of axilla?
scapula with associated musclulature: subscapularis teres major latissimus dorsi
41
medial wall of axilla?
ribs 1-4 or 5 with associated intercostal musculature covered b serratus anterior muscle
42
lateral boundary of axilla?
junction of anterior and posterior axillar walls at intertubercular groove
43
contents of axilla?
- axillary artery and branches - axillary vein and tributaries - cords and branches of brachial plexus - proximal portions of long and short heads of -biceps brachii and coracobrachialis mm. - axillary lymph nodes - fat
44
axillary sheath?
extension of prevertebral cervical fascia that surrounds axillary artery, veins, and brachial cords
45
limits of axillary artery?
continuation of subclavian artery lateral to lateral border of 1st rib becomes brachial artery distal to inferior border of teres major
46
branches of axillary artery?
separated into three regions
47
area 1 of axillary artery?
medial to pectoralis minor -supreme thoracic artery
48
supreme thoracic artery
first branch of the axillary artery (area 1) -from inferior surface and goes down to supply intercostal space 1 and 2
49
area 2 of axillary artery?
deep to pectoralis minor thoracoacromial artery lateral thoracic artery
50
thoracoacromial artery
in area 2 of axillary posterior to pectoralis minor -medially and pierces costocoracoid membrane artery possesses a trunk and divides
51
axillary artery courses where?
over 1st rib under pectoralis minor over teres major
52
lateral thoracic artery
in area 2 of axillary arises behind pectoralis minor and courses inferiorly parallel to its lateral border branches to lateral intercostal spaces, serratus anterior, pectoralis major and minor, and mammary gland
53
divisions of thoracoacromial artery?
acromial clavicular deltoid pectoral AC/DP !!
54
area 3 of axillary artery?
subscapular artery anterior circumflex humeral artery posterior circumflex humeral artery
55
largest and most inconsistent branch?
subscapular artery
56
subscapular artery
very large and inconsistent first branch of area 3 bifurcates
57
bifurcation of subscapular artery?
circumflex scapular artery | thoracodorsal artery
58
circumflex scapular artery
bifurcation of subscapular artery courses posteriorly through triangular space to participate in scapular anastomosis
59
thoracodorsal artery
bifurcation of subscapular artery courses with thoracodorsal nerve on anteromedial surface of latissimus dorsi THORACODORSAL WILL BE ON THE PRACTICAL
60
anterior circumflex humeral artery
from area 3 of axillary arises from anterolateral surface of axillary artery in region of surgical neck *anastomoses with the posterior portion
61
posterior circumflex humeral artery
arises on anteromedial aspect of axillary artery at surgical neck courses posteriorly with axillary nerve through the quadrangular space to anastomose with anterior
62
what to know about circumflex humeral arteries?
can arise from common trunk | anterior circumflex humeral is always smaller
63
cephalic vein
laterally
64
basilic vein
medial
65
median cubital vein
connects cephalic and basilic at cubital fossa
66
deeper veins?
named with the arteries they follow
67
deep veins distal?
lie medial to artery
68
deep veins proximal?
anterior and inferior to artery
69
axillary vein?
formed by union of basilic vein (medial) with brachial veins **its tributaries are named for branches of axillary artery with which they travel
70
cephalic vein
at clavipectoral fascia pierces to join axillary vein
71
superficial lymphatics of upper limb?
drain subcutaneous structures -drain from dorsum ventrally and from distal proximally
72
lymphatic collecting ducts
follow course of superficial veins | -most following basilic veins and ending in lateral group of axillary lymph nodes
73
axillary lymph nodes
20-30 in number five groups: - pectoral - lateral - subscapular - central - apical all infraclavicular
74
apical lymph node
located behind or superior to pectoralis minor tendon
75
all drainage to what?
apical nodes > subclavian lymph trunk > right lymphatic trunk > right jugulovenous angle

MSS - MSK Exam 2 (13 decks)

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