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Anatomy Lecture Exam #3 > Brain > Flashcards

Brain Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name of the largest tract?

A

Corpus Collosum

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2
Q

What does the claustrum control?

A

subconscious visual information

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3
Q

What are the names are the two association areas?

A

Wernicke’s area and Gnostic areas

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4
Q

Where is CSF produced?

A

Choroid plexus

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5
Q

Where is the primary auditory area found?

A

Temporal lobe

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6
Q

What is a fissure?

A

deep valleys

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7
Q

What other things does the nuclei the medulla oblongata control?

A

coughing, sneezing, salivation, swallowing, gagging, vomiting

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8
Q

What does the diaphragma sellae separate?

A

the hypothalamus and the pituitary

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9
Q

Where is Wernicke’s area found?

A

Parietal and temporal lobe

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10
Q

What layer is arbor vitae, and what is its color?

A

internal, white matter

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11
Q

What are projections in central white matter?

A

Connects cortex to inferior parts of the brain

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12
Q

Where does the tegmentum integrate?

A

between the cerebrum and the cerebellum

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13
Q

What are the cerebral peduncles?

A

motor tracts

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14
Q

What does the primary somatic motor cortex control?

A

skeletal muscle

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15
Q

What kind of tissue is the pia mater made of?

A

thin areolar CT

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16
Q

What is the associated structure of the arachnoid mater and what is it filled with?

A

Subarachnoid space and it is filled with CSF

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17
Q

What is the nucleus gracilis in the medulla oblongata?

A

somatic sensory, lower limbs

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18
Q

What does the pineal gland control?

A

Circadian rhythms

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19
Q

Where is the arachnoid mater found?

A

deep to the dura mater

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20
Q

What does the pons have?

A

autonomic respiratory centers

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21
Q

What is the vasometer center in the medulla oblongata?

A

BP through blood vessel diameter

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22
Q

What structure connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland?

A

infundibulum

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23
Q

What are the three layers of the cranial meninges?

A

Dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater

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24
Q

What fissure form the tentorium cerebelli?

A

Transverse fissure

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25
Q

Where is the primary somatic sensory cortex found?

A

post central gyrus

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26
Q

Where is the diencephalon found?

A

between the cerebral hemispheres

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27
Q

What are the names of the five lobes of the cerebrum?

A

Parietal, frontal, occipital, temporal and insula

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28
Q

What is central white matter?

A

tracts; myelinated axons

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29
Q

Where is the motor speech area found?

A

inferolateral portion of the left frontal lobe

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30
Q

What do the gnostic areas do?

A

integrates all sensory, visual and auditory stimuli

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31
Q

What part of the brain stem is the mesencephalon found on?

A

the superior portion

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32
Q

What is the function of the cerebellum?

A

Smooth coordinated movements, equilibrium and posture

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33
Q

What is another name for the “motor speech area”?

A

Broca’s Area

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34
Q

What is the function of the primary somatic sensory cortex?

A

Conscious senses

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35
Q

What does the amygdaloid body control?

A

emotion and moods

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36
Q

What is the crossing of the pyramids on the medulla oblongata called?

A

decussation of the pyramids

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37
Q

What is the function of the cerebrum?

A

conscious thought process, intellectual function, voluntary visual, motor and auditory

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38
Q

What is an association in central white matter?

A

connects cortex with the same hemisphere

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39
Q

What does gustatory refer to?

A

taste

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40
Q

What are the 4 functions of the frontal lobe?

A

personality, voluntary motor movement, verbal communication, decision making

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41
Q

What is environmental stability in terms of CSF?

A

Bring nutrients and removes waste

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42
Q

Where its he primary olfactory area found?

A

Temporal lobe

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43
Q

What does the substantia nigra regulate?

A

emotional response, pain and pleasure

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44
Q

What are the anterior, posterior, and inferior borders of the parietal lobe?

A

Anterior: central sulcus
Posterior: parieto-occipital sulcus
Inferior: lateral sulcus

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45
Q

Where is the hypothalamus found on the diencephalon?

A

anterioinferior region

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46
Q

What three functional areas are found on the cerebrum?

A

Motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas

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47
Q

What two structures does the tectum include?

A

superior colliculi and inferior colliculi

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48
Q

What do motor areas control?

A

Voluntary motor function

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49
Q

What are the three functions of CSF?

A

Bouyancy, protection, and environmental stability

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50
Q

What are the three parts of the diencephalon?

A

epithalamus, thalamus, and hypothalamus

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51
Q

What does the pia mater adhere to?

A

The brain

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52
Q

What part of the mesencephalon is the tectum found in?

A

The posterior region

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53
Q

What is the function of the vermis?

A

Sensory movement for balance and muscle memory

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54
Q

What is gray matter?

A

motor and interneuron soma, dendrites, telodendria, unmyelinated axons

55
Q

What is the function of the insula?

A

memory and taste

56
Q

What is the nucleus cunateus in the medulla oblongata?

A

somatic sensory, upper limbs

57
Q

What is white matter?

A

myelinated axons

58
Q

How many lateral ventricles are there?

A

two

59
Q

What does the tentorium cerebelli form?

A

Transverse sinus

60
Q

What does the medulla oblongata have?

A

2 motor tracts called pyramids

61
Q

Where are the Gnostic areas found?

A

parietal, occipital and temporal lobes

62
Q

What is the function of the parietal lobe?

A

sense of touch and texture

63
Q

Where is the insula found?

A

Deep to lateral sulcus

64
Q

What are the three structural layers of the cerebrum?

A

cerebral cortex, internal layer, cerebral nuclei

65
Q

What separates the left and right cerebellar hemispheres?

A

Vermis

66
Q

What layer is the internal layer and what color is the matter?

A

middle layer and white matter

67
Q

What are the three parts of the brain stem?

A

mesencephalon, pons and medulla oblongata

68
Q

What region is found in the frontal lobe?

A

Primary motor cortex

69
Q

What kind of tissue is the dura mater made of?

A

Dense irregular CT

70
Q

What four structures are found in the mesencephalon?

A

cerebral peduncles, tegmenjtum, substantia nigra, and tectum

71
Q

What are the names of the two layers of the dura mater?

A

Periosteal and meningeal layer

72
Q

Where is the temporal lobe found?

A

inferior to lateral sulcus

73
Q

Where is the parietal lobe found?

A

superoposterior lobe

74
Q

What are the four functions of the cranial meninges?

A

Separate brain from bones, enclose and protect blood vessels, contain and circulate CSF, and drain blood from brain

75
Q

What is the function of the thalamus?

A

focuses and sorts; final relay for all sensory information expect olfaction

76
Q

What is the function of the temporal lobe?

A

hearing and smell

77
Q

What is a sulcus?

A

small valleys

78
Q

What is CSF?

A

Clear fluid circulates in ventricles and subarachnoid space

79
Q

What is the superior colliculi?

A

visual reflex center

80
Q

Where is the primary visual area found?

A

Occipital lobe

81
Q

What does the cardiac center in the medulla oblongata control?

A

controls heart rate and strength of contraction

82
Q

What structure is found at the epithalamus?

A

Pineal gland

83
Q

What is the function of the diencephalon?

A

Relay center and information sorter

84
Q

What layer is the cerebral cortex and what color is the matter?

A

outer layer, gray matter

85
Q

What is a gyrus?

A

folds, “hills”

86
Q

What is the primary motor cortex’s function?

A

voluntary motor movement

87
Q

What does the respiratory center in the medulla oblongata control?

A

respiratory rate

88
Q

What is the substantia nigra?

A

Lateral nuclei in the mesencephalon

89
Q

What do the cerebral peduncles connect?

A

The primary motor cortex to the spinal cord

90
Q

What does the cerebrum and cerebellum divide?

A

cerebrum and cerebellum

91
Q

What does the caudate nucleus control?

A

arm/leg walking

92
Q

What four structures are included in the dura mater?

A

Falx cerebri, tentorium cerebelli, fax cerebelli, and diaphragma sellae

93
Q

Where is the frontal lobe found?

A

the anterior lobe

94
Q

Where is the occipital lobe found?

A

posterior, underlining occipital bone

95
Q

What is the word for the rate of breathing?

A

apneustic

96
Q

What is the associated structure of the dura mater?

A

Dural sinus

97
Q

Where is the primary somatosensory area found?

A

Postcentral gyrus

98
Q

What are the names of the two motor areas?

A

Primary somatic motor cortex and motor speech area

99
Q

What are the cranial meninges made of?

A

Connective tissue

100
Q

Where is the primary motor cortex found?

A

Precentral gyrus

101
Q

What is cerebral nuclei?

A

deep gray matter

102
Q

What layer is the cerebral nuclei and what color is it?

A

deep and gray matter

103
Q

What is the function of the brain stem?

A

survival behavior

104
Q

What does the falx cerebri divide?

A

Left and right cerebrum

105
Q

What does Wernicke’s area do?

A

Recognizes and comprehends written and spoken language

106
Q

What are the posterior and inferior borders of the frontal lobe?

A

Posterior: central sulcus
Inferior: lateral sulcus

107
Q

What layer is the cerebellar nuclei and what color is it?

A

Deep, gray matter

108
Q

What is a commissural in central white matter?

A

connects between hemispheres

109
Q

What is the arachnoid mater made of?

A

collagen and elastic fibers

110
Q

What connects the right and left sides of the thalamus?

A

intermediate mass

111
Q

Where is the pons found in the brain stem?

A

anterior middle portion

112
Q

What region is found in the parietal lobe?

A

Primary somatic sensory cortex

113
Q

What layer is the cerebellar cortex and what is its color?

A

Outer, gray matter

114
Q

What is the inferior colliculi?

A

auditory reflex center

115
Q

Where is the medulla oblongata found on the brain stem?

A

The inferior portion

116
Q

Where is the primary gustatory area found?

A

Insula

117
Q

What are the cerebral hemispheres connected by?

A

tracts

118
Q

What is the function of the occipital lobe?

A

processes and stores visual information

119
Q

Where is the brain stem found?

A

connects forebrain and cerebellum to spinal cord

120
Q

What is the word for the depth of breathing?

A

pneumotaxic

121
Q

Where are the lateral ventricles found?

A

Hemispheres of cerebrum

122
Q

What is the function of the dura septa?

A

Stabilization and support

123
Q

What are the four regions of the brain?

A

cerebrum, diencephalon, brain stem and cerebellum

124
Q

What does the motor speech area control?

A

muscles for vocalization

125
Q

What are circadian rhythms?

A

day/night cycles

126
Q

What is the tegmentum?

A

Middle nuclei in the mesencephalon

127
Q

Where is the fourth ventricle found?

A

Between pons and cerebellum

128
Q

What are the three layers of the cerebellum?

A

Cerebellar cortex, arbor vitae, and cerebellar nuclei

129
Q

What does the tegmentum control? give an example

A

involuntary motor commands. ie. posture

130
Q

What is the function of the human brain?

A

receive and process information and then send out a response

131
Q

What are the cerebral hemispheres divided by?

A

a longitudinal fissure

132
Q

What two structures does the falx cerebri form?

A

Superior sagittal sinus and inferior sagittal sinus

133
Q

Where is the third ventricle found?

A

Diencephalon

134
Q

Where is the epithalamus found?

A

the posterior roof of the diencephalon

Anatomy Lecture Exam #3 (4 decks)

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