Brain Flashcards
1
Q
What is the name of the largest tract?
A
Corpus Collosum
2
Q
What does the claustrum control?
A
subconscious visual information
3
Q
What are the names are the two association areas?
A
Wernicke’s area and Gnostic areas
4
Q
Where is CSF produced?
A
Choroid plexus
5
Q
Where is the primary auditory area found?
A
Temporal lobe
6
Q
What is a fissure?
A
deep valleys
7
Q
What other things does the nuclei the medulla oblongata control?
A
coughing, sneezing, salivation, swallowing, gagging, vomiting
8
Q
What does the diaphragma sellae separate?
A
the hypothalamus and the pituitary
9
Q
Where is Wernicke’s area found?
A
Parietal and temporal lobe
10
Q
What layer is arbor vitae, and what is its color?
A
internal, white matter
11
Q
What are projections in central white matter?
A
Connects cortex to inferior parts of the brain
12
Q
Where does the tegmentum integrate?
A
between the cerebrum and the cerebellum
13
Q
What are the cerebral peduncles?
A
motor tracts
14
Q
What does the primary somatic motor cortex control?
A
skeletal muscle
15
Q
What kind of tissue is the pia mater made of?
A
thin areolar CT
16
Q
What is the associated structure of the arachnoid mater and what is it filled with?
A
Subarachnoid space and it is filled with CSF
17
Q
What is the nucleus gracilis in the medulla oblongata?
A
somatic sensory, lower limbs
18
Q
What does the pineal gland control?
A
Circadian rhythms
19
Q
Where is the arachnoid mater found?
A
deep to the dura mater
20
Q
What does the pons have?
A
autonomic respiratory centers
21
Q
What is the vasometer center in the medulla oblongata?
A
BP through blood vessel diameter
22
Q
What structure connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland?
A
infundibulum
23
Q
What are the three layers of the cranial meninges?
A
Dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater
24
Q
What fissure form the tentorium cerebelli?
A
Transverse fissure
25
Where is the primary somatic sensory cortex found?
post central gyrus
26
Where is the diencephalon found?
between the cerebral hemispheres
27
What are the names of the five lobes of the cerebrum?
Parietal, frontal, occipital, temporal and insula
28
What is central white matter?
tracts; myelinated axons
29
Where is the motor speech area found?
inferolateral portion of the left frontal lobe
30
What do the gnostic areas do?
integrates all sensory, visual and auditory stimuli
31
What part of the brain stem is the mesencephalon found on?
the superior portion
32
What is the function of the cerebellum?
Smooth coordinated movements, equilibrium and posture
33
What is another name for the "motor speech area"?
Broca's Area
34
What is the function of the primary somatic sensory cortex?
Conscious senses
35
What does the amygdaloid body control?
emotion and moods
36
What is the crossing of the pyramids on the medulla oblongata called?
decussation of the pyramids
37
What is the function of the cerebrum?
conscious thought process, intellectual function, voluntary visual, motor and auditory
38
What is an association in central white matter?
connects cortex with the same hemisphere
39
What does gustatory refer to?
taste
40
What are the 4 functions of the frontal lobe?
personality, voluntary motor movement, verbal communication, decision making
41
What is environmental stability in terms of CSF?
Bring nutrients and removes waste
42
Where its he primary olfactory area found?
Temporal lobe
43
What does the substantia nigra regulate?
emotional response, pain and pleasure
44
What are the anterior, posterior, and inferior borders of the parietal lobe?
Anterior: central sulcus
Posterior: parieto-occipital sulcus
Inferior: lateral sulcus
45
Where is the hypothalamus found on the diencephalon?
anterioinferior region
46
What three functional areas are found on the cerebrum?
Motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas
47
What two structures does the tectum include?
superior colliculi and inferior colliculi
48
What do motor areas control?
Voluntary motor function
49
What are the three functions of CSF?
Bouyancy, protection, and environmental stability
50
What are the three parts of the diencephalon?
epithalamus, thalamus, and hypothalamus
51
What does the pia mater adhere to?
The brain
52
What part of the mesencephalon is the tectum found in?
The posterior region
53
What is the function of the vermis?
Sensory movement for balance and muscle memory
54
What is gray matter?
motor and interneuron soma, dendrites, telodendria, unmyelinated axons
55
What is the function of the insula?
memory and taste
56
What is the nucleus cunateus in the medulla oblongata?
somatic sensory, upper limbs
57
What is white matter?
myelinated axons
58
How many lateral ventricles are there?
two
59
What does the tentorium cerebelli form?
Transverse sinus
60
What does the medulla oblongata have?
2 motor tracts called pyramids
61
Where are the Gnostic areas found?
parietal, occipital and temporal lobes
62
What is the function of the parietal lobe?
sense of touch and texture
63
Where is the insula found?
Deep to lateral sulcus
64
What are the three structural layers of the cerebrum?
cerebral cortex, internal layer, cerebral nuclei
65
What separates the left and right cerebellar hemispheres?
Vermis
66
What layer is the internal layer and what color is the matter?
middle layer and white matter
67
What are the three parts of the brain stem?
mesencephalon, pons and medulla oblongata
68
What region is found in the frontal lobe?
Primary motor cortex
69
What kind of tissue is the dura mater made of?
Dense irregular CT
70
What four structures are found in the mesencephalon?
cerebral peduncles, tegmenjtum, substantia nigra, and tectum
71
What are the names of the two layers of the dura mater?
Periosteal and meningeal layer
72
Where is the temporal lobe found?
inferior to lateral sulcus
73
Where is the parietal lobe found?
superoposterior lobe
74
What are the four functions of the cranial meninges?
Separate brain from bones, enclose and protect blood vessels, contain and circulate CSF, and drain blood from brain
75
What is the function of the thalamus?
focuses and sorts; final relay for all sensory information expect olfaction
76
What is the function of the temporal lobe?
hearing and smell
77
What is a sulcus?
small valleys
78
What is CSF?
Clear fluid circulates in ventricles and subarachnoid space
79
What is the superior colliculi?
visual reflex center
80
Where is the primary visual area found?
Occipital lobe
81
What does the cardiac center in the medulla oblongata control?
controls heart rate and strength of contraction
82
What structure is found at the epithalamus?
Pineal gland
83
What is the function of the diencephalon?
Relay center and information sorter
84
What layer is the cerebral cortex and what color is the matter?
outer layer, gray matter
85
What is a gyrus?
folds, "hills"
86
What is the primary motor cortex's function?
voluntary motor movement
87
What does the respiratory center in the medulla oblongata control?
respiratory rate
88
What is the substantia nigra?
Lateral nuclei in the mesencephalon
89
What do the cerebral peduncles connect?
The primary motor cortex to the spinal cord
90
What does the cerebrum and cerebellum divide?
cerebrum and cerebellum
91
What does the caudate nucleus control?
arm/leg walking
92
What four structures are included in the dura mater?
Falx cerebri, tentorium cerebelli, fax cerebelli, and diaphragma sellae
93
Where is the frontal lobe found?
the anterior lobe
94
Where is the occipital lobe found?
posterior, underlining occipital bone
95
What is the word for the rate of breathing?
apneustic
96
What is the associated structure of the dura mater?
Dural sinus
97
Where is the primary somatosensory area found?
Postcentral gyrus
98
What are the names of the two motor areas?
Primary somatic motor cortex and motor speech area
99
What are the cranial meninges made of?
Connective tissue
100
Where is the primary motor cortex found?
Precentral gyrus
101
What is cerebral nuclei?
deep gray matter
102
What layer is the cerebral nuclei and what color is it?
deep and gray matter
103
What is the function of the brain stem?
survival behavior
104
What does the falx cerebri divide?
Left and right cerebrum
105
What does Wernicke's area do?
Recognizes and comprehends written and spoken language
106
What are the posterior and inferior borders of the frontal lobe?
Posterior: central sulcus
Inferior: lateral sulcus
107
What layer is the cerebellar nuclei and what color is it?
Deep, gray matter
108
What is a commissural in central white matter?
connects between hemispheres
109
What is the arachnoid mater made of?
collagen and elastic fibers
110
What connects the right and left sides of the thalamus?
intermediate mass
111
Where is the pons found in the brain stem?
anterior middle portion
112
What region is found in the parietal lobe?
Primary somatic sensory cortex
113
What layer is the cerebellar cortex and what is its color?
Outer, gray matter
114
What is the inferior colliculi?
auditory reflex center
115
Where is the medulla oblongata found on the brain stem?
The inferior portion
116
Where is the primary gustatory area found?
Insula
117
What are the cerebral hemispheres connected by?
tracts
118
What is the function of the occipital lobe?
processes and stores visual information
119
Where is the brain stem found?
connects forebrain and cerebellum to spinal cord
120
What is the word for the depth of breathing?
pneumotaxic
121
Where are the lateral ventricles found?
Hemispheres of cerebrum
122
What is the function of the dura septa?
Stabilization and support
123
What are the four regions of the brain?
cerebrum, diencephalon, brain stem and cerebellum
124
What does the motor speech area control?
muscles for vocalization
125
What are circadian rhythms?
day/night cycles
126
What is the tegmentum?
Middle nuclei in the mesencephalon
127
Where is the fourth ventricle found?
Between pons and cerebellum
128
What are the three layers of the cerebellum?
Cerebellar cortex, arbor vitae, and cerebellar nuclei
129
What does the tegmentum control? give an example
involuntary motor commands. ie. posture
130
What is the function of the human brain?
receive and process information and then send out a response
131
What are the cerebral hemispheres divided by?
a longitudinal fissure
132
What two structures does the falx cerebri form?
Superior sagittal sinus and inferior sagittal sinus
133
Where is the third ventricle found?
Diencephalon
134
Where is the epithalamus found?
the posterior roof of the diencephalon
