Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

EPPP - Irene 2014 > Brain anatomy > Flashcards

Brain anatomy Flashcards

(79 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

medulla location and function

A

between the spinal cord and brain, influences flow of information, coordinates swallowing, coughing, sneezing, regulates vital functions including breathing, heartbeat, blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

pons location and function

A

connects two halves of cerebellum, integration of movements in the right and left sides of body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

cerebellum location and function

A

balance and posture (in conjunction with basal ganglia and motor cortex); vital to coordinated and refined motor movements; timing and coordination of actions and correction of errors while performing actions; sensorimotor learning, ability to shift attention from one stimulus to another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

basal ganglia

A

initiation of motor actions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

abnormalities in cerebellum linked to

A

autism, schizophrenia, ADHD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

damage can cause

A

ataxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

ataxia

A

slurred speech, severe tremors, and loss of balance (similar to intoxication)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

hindbrain structures

A

pons, medulla cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

midbrain structures

A

superior/inferior colliculi, substantia nigra, reticular formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

superior and inferior colliculi route what

A

visual and auditory information (respectively)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

substantia nigra involved in

A

motor activity, reward system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

reticular formation location

A

from spinal cord through hind and midbrain into hypothalamus in forebrain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

reticular formation consists of ? nuclei

A

90

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

reticular formation function

A

respiration, coughing, vomiting, posture, locomotion, REM sleep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Reticular Activating System (RAS) vital to

A

consciousness, arousal, wakefulness; screens sensory input during sleep, awakens if necessary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Damage to RAS

A

disrupts sleep-wake cycle, can produce permanent coma-like sleep state

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Anesthetics work on what

A

deactivating neurons in reticular formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

forebrain structures

A

thalamus, hypothalamus, basal ganglia, limbic system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

thalamus involved in

A

motor activity, language, memory, acts as relay station for all senses except olfaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

wernicke-korsakoff syndrome damage

A

thiamine deficiency causes atrophy in thalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

wernicke’s encephalopathy

A

mental confusion, abnormal eye movements, ataxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

korsakoff’s syndrome

A

severe anterograde amnesia, retrograde amnesia, confabulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

hypothalamus involved in

A

hunger thirst, sex, sleep, body temp, movement, emotional reations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

damage to hypothalamus

A

can cause uncontrollable laughter, aggression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
hypothalamus function
monitors body's internal states and initiates responses to maintain homeostasis through influence on ANS and pituitary and other endocrine glands
26
suprachiasmatic nucleus
mediates sleep-wake cycle, circadian rhythms
27
mammilary bodies involved in what
learning and memory
28
basal ganglia consists of what structures
caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus (forebrain) and substantia nigra (midbrain)
29
basal ganglia involved in what
planning, organization, coordinating voluntary movement, regulating amplitude and direction of motor actions, sensorimotor learning and stereotyped species-specifc motor expressions of emotional state (eg. smile, frown, run)
30
What disorders associated with basal ganglia
Huntington's, Parkinson's, Tourette's, OCD, ADHD
31
ADHD associated with what structural problems
smaller-than-normal caudate nucleus, globes pallid us and prefrontal cortex
32
What psychiatric symptoms associated with basal ganglia
mania, depression, OCD symptoms, psychosis
33
Limbic system structures
amygdala, hippocampus, cingulate cortex
34
amygdala function
integrates, coordinates, directs motivational and emotional activities, attaches emotions to memories, involve in recall of emotionally-charged experiences
35
flashbulb memories happen where
amygdala
36
Kluver and Bucy syndrome (1938)
bilateral lesions in amygdala and temporal lobes reduces fear and aggression, increase docility and compulsive oral exploratory behaviors, alters dietary habits (vegetarian monkeys become meat eaters), produces hypersexuality and psychic blindness
37
psychic blindness
inability to recognize significance or meaning of events/objects
38
hippocampus
associated more with learning and memory, processing spatial, visual, and verbal information and consolidating declarative memories; converts short-term declarative memories to long-term
39
epilepsy removal of medial temporal lobes causes
anterograde amnesia and retrograde amnesia for events occurring up to three years prior to surgery
40
cingulate cortex location and function
surrounds corpus callosum, involved in attention, emotion, perception and subjective experience of pain (particularly anterior)
41
Contralateral representation
for most sensory and motor functions, left controls right side of body except olfaction (left to left, right to right) and visual which goes to both sides -- info from right visual field of each eye goes to left hemisphere and info from left visual field of each eye goes to right
42
Left hemisphere / right hemisphere function
95-99% of right handed people 50-60% of left-handed people Left = written, spoken language, logical analytical thinking Right = spatial, creativity, facial recognition
43
Which ear do people recall more digits
heard by ear that is contralateral to their dominant hemisphere, usually right ear
44
Frontal lobe consists of what
primary motor cortex, supplementary motor area, premotor cortex, broca's area, prefrontal cortex
45
primary motor cortex location and function
located in precentral gyrus, movement
46
damage to motor cortex causes
loss of reflexes, flaccid hemiplegia (loss of muscle tone) in areas contralateral to damage
47
supplementary motor area (SMA) function
planning and control of movement; learning new motor sequences; motor imagery - mental representation of motor movement
48
premotor cortex location and function
located anterior to primary motor cortex; control of movement in response to external/sensory stimuli
49
broca's area
located in inferior frontal region (usually on left); major motor speech area
50
damage to broca's area
expressive aphasia, difficulties producing written and verbal language
51
Prefrontal cortex impacts performance on what tests
problem solving and creativity, attention, executive function
52
PFC abnormalities related to what mental d/os
Schizophrenia, ADHD, dementia
53
Damage to dorsolateral PFC results in; characteristics of individuals
dorsal convexity dysexecutive syndrome: impaired judgment, insight planning, and organization concrete and perseverative, trouble learning from experience, neglect hygiene, reduced sexual interest, apathetic
54
Damage to orbitofrontal PRC results in; characteristics of individuals
orbitofrontal disinhibition syndrome (pseudopsychopathy); emotional lability, distractability, poor impulse control, impaired social insight explosive aggressive outbursts, inappropriate jocularity, unusual or inappropriate sexual behavior, make lewd comments
55
Damage to mediofrontal area results in; characteristics of individuals
mesial frontal apathetic syndrome (pseudodepression); impaired spontaneity, reduced emotional reactions, diminished motor behavior and verbal output, lower-extremity weakness, sensory loss Describe themselves as bored, lacking motivation, seem depressed but don't have vegetative symptoms, negative cognitions, dysphoria characteristic of major depression
56
Parietal lobe location; function
located on post central gyrus, contains somatosensory cortex, governs pressure, temperature, pain, proprioception, gustation
57
apraxia
inability to perform skilled motor movements in the absence of impaired motor functioning
58
tactile agnosia
inability to recognize familiar objects by touch
59
asomatognosia
failure to recognize parts of one's body
60
anosognosia
inability to recognize one's own neurological symptoms ore other disorder
61
lesions in right parietal lobe cause
contralateral neglect (loss of knowledge about or interest in left side of body)
62
lesions in left parietal lobe
ideational apraxia (inability to carry out a sequence of actions); ideomotor apraxia (inability to carry out a simple action in response to a command
63
Grestmann's syndrome
finger agnosia, right-left confusion, agraphia, acalculia
64
agraphia
AKA dysgraphia - inability to write
65
acalculia
inability to perform simple mathematical calculation
66
where is somatosensory cortex
parietal lobe
67
where is auditory cortex
temporal lobe
68
where is wernicke's area
temporal lobe usually left
69
lesions in auditory cortex may cause
auditory hallucinations, auditory agnosia, other disturbances in auditory sensation and perception
70
lesions in wernicke's area
receptive aphasia and abnormal language production
71
electrical stimulation of temporal lobe can elicit
complex, vivid memories previously forgotten
72
lesions to temporal lobe
retrograde and anterograde amnesia for semantic and episodic memories
73
where is visual cortex
occipital lobe
74
posterior versus anterior function
posterior - macular vision (central retina) | anterior - peripheral vision
75
apperceptive visual agnosia
unable to perceive objects despite intact visual acuity
76
associative visual agnosia
unable to recognize object of focus as result of impaired memory or access to semantic knowledge
77
damage to occipital lobes can cause
apperceptive or associative visual agnosia, visual hallucinations, cortical blindness
78
left occipital damage can cause
simultanagnosia - inability to see more than one thing or aspect of an object at a time
79
lesions at junction of occipital, temporal, and parietal lobes can cause
prosopagnosia - inability to recognize familiar faces

EPPP - Irene 2014 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions