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EPPP - Irene 2014 > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

(45 cards)

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1
Q

Where does neurogenesis occur

A

Hippocampus and caudate nucleus

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2
Q

Number neurons die per day

A

10,000

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3
Q

Neurons lost by age 80

A

2%

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4
Q

Neuron components

A

dendrites, cell body (soma), axon

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5
Q

Mitochondria actions

A

metabolic activities

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6
Q

Ribosomes action

A

synthesize new protein

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7
Q

Golgi complex action

A

prepare neurotransmitters and other substances for secretion

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8
Q

Myelin sheath composition and function

A

fatty substance made up of glial cells acts as insulator, speeds up conduction of nerve impulses

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9
Q

Glial cells

A

hold neurons together, provide neurons with nutrients, remove cellular debris

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10
Q

How message is transmitted within neuron

A

conduction

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11
Q

Action potential

A

At rest, inside of cell is negative charged, sodium channels open letting in positively charged sodium causing depolarization

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12
Q

Repolarization

A

sodium channels close and potassium channels open allowing positively charged potassium ions to leave the cell

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13
Q

Within neuron transmission of info versus neuron-to-neuron

A

Electrical, chemical

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14
Q

Synaptic transmission

A

action potential reaches axon terminal, release of neurotransmitter into synaptic cleft

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15
Q

Acetylcholine operates on what type of receptors

A

muscarinic and nicotonic

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16
Q

ACh in peripheral

A

causes muscles to contract

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17
Q

Myasthenia Gravis involves what NT

A

ACh

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18
Q

What NT involves REM sleep, regulation of sleep-wake cycle, and learning and memory

A

ACh

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19
Q

Nicotine effect on memory and alertness mimics what NT

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A

ACh at nicotinic receptor sites

20
Q

Degeneration of what NT in entorhinal cortex associated with Alzheimer’s

21
Q

Cholinesterase inhibitors related to what NT, what are names

Study These Flashcards
A

ACh, tacrine (Cognex), donepezil (Aricept), galantamine (Reminyl) and rivastigmine (Exelon)

22
Q

Catecholamines

Study These Flashcards
A

Dopamine, epinepherine, norepinepherine

23
Q

Parkinsons associated with what NT in what brain structure

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A

degeneration of dopamine receptors in substantia nigra

24
Q

Tourette’s associated with what NT and in what brain structure

Study These Flashcards
A

oversensitive or excessive dopamine in caudate nucleus

25
What NT and how are action of stimulant drugs, opiates, alcohol, nicotine reinforced
elevated levels of dopamine in the mesolimbic system (midbrain and limbic system)
26
Catecholamine hypothesis
some forms of depression due to lower than normal levels of norepinephrine
27
Role of norepinepherine in what
mood, attention, dreaming, learning and certain autonomic functions
28
Serotonin implicated in what
mood, hunger, temperature regulation, sexual activity, arousal, sleep, aggression, migraine headache
29
Elevated levels of serotonin linked to what
Schizophrenia, autism, Anorexia, Nervosa
30
Low levels of serotonin linked to
aggression, depression, suicide, bulimia nervosa, PTSD, OCD
31
what NTs related to social phobia
dopamine and serotonin
32
what type of NT is Gamma-aminobutyric Acid (GABA)
inhibitory
33
GABA involved in
eating, seizure, motor control, vision, sleep
34
anxiety associated with what NT
low levels of GABA
35
Benzos and other CNS depressants reduce anxiety by doing what to what NT
enhancing effects of GABA
36
Huntingon's associated with what action and NT
degeneration of cells that secrete GABA in basal ganglia
37
What type of NT is glutamate
excitatory
38
Glutamate involved in what
learning, memory, long-term potentiation
39
What is long-term potentiation
formation of long term memories
40
What is excitotoxicity
Excessive glutamate receptor activity
41
what problems are associated with excitotoxicity of glutamate
seizures, stroke-like brain damage, huntington's, Alzheimer's, other neurodegenerative disorders
42
What type of NT are endorphins (endogenous morphines)
inhibitory neuromodulators
43
what do endorphins do
lower sensitivity of postsynaptic neurons to neurotransmitters
44
How are endorphins related to pain sensation
analgesic properties - prevent release of substance P
45
What are endorphins associated with
pain, pleasurable experiences, emotions, memory and learning, sexual behavior

EPPP - Irene 2014 (10 decks)

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