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Psychology > Brain And Behaviour - Ch 4 > Flashcards

Brain And Behaviour - Ch 4 Flashcards

0
Q

Neurons

A

Basic building blocks of the nervous system

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1
Q

Dendrites

A

Specialized receiving units like antennae that collect messages from neighboring neurons and send them on to the cell body

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2
Q

Axon

A

Conducts electrical impulses away from the cell body to other neurons, muscles or glands

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3
Q

Glial cells

A

Cells surrounding neurons keeping them in place
Providing nutrients neurons need
Isolating toxins that would harm the neuron

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4
Q

Resting potential

A

Internal difference of around 70 millivolts

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5
Q

Action potential

A

Electrical shift which lasts about a millisecond

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6
Q

Absolute refractory period

A

Period during which the membrane is not excitable and cannot discharge another impulse

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7
Q

All-or-none law

A

Action potentials occur at a uniform and maximum intensity or they do not occur at all

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8
Q

Myelin sheath

A

A whitish, fatty insulation layer derived from glial cells during development.

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9
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

Sensory neurons that are specialized to transmit messages from sensory receptions and motor neurons that send messages from the brain and spinal chord to the muscles that control our voluntary movements

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10
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

Senses the body’s internal functions and controls the glands and the involuntary muscles that form the heart, the blood vessels, and the lining of the stomach and intestines.

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11
Q

Sympathetic nervous system

A

Has an activation or arousal function.

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12
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system

A

Slows down body processes and maintains a state of tranquility.

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13
Q

Central nervous system

A

Contains the brain and the spinal chord which connects most parts of the peripheral nervous stet with the brain

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14
Q

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

A

Measures the activity of a large group of neurons through a series do large electrodes placed on the scalp.

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15
Q

Computerized axial tomography (CT)

A

Uses X-ray technology to study brain structures

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16
Q

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

A

Creates images based on how atoms in living tissue respond to a magnetic pulse delivered by the device.

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17
Q

Positron-emission tomography (PET scans)

A

Measures brain activity including metabolism, blood flow and neurotransmitter activity.

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18
Q

Functional MRI (fMRI)

A

Can produce pictures of blood flow in the brain taken less than a second apart

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19
Q

Near infra-red spectroscopy (NIR)

A

Measures brain activity in terms of oxygen use using radiation close to the infra-red region.

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20
Q

Transcranial magnetic stimulation. (TMS)

A

Disruption of a targeted part of the brain with a magnetic coil.

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21
Q

Vascular brain damage

A

Disruption to blood flow to the brain due to a blockage (stroke), partial blockage (ischemia) or an enlarged artery (aneurysm).

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22
Q

Tumor brain damage

A

A mass of tissue with no physiological function that grows and disrupts normal function.

23
Q

Agonist

A

mimics neurotransmitter action

24
Q

Antagonistic

A

opposes action of a neurotransmitter

25
Q

Sensory neurons

A

carry input messages from sense organs to spinal and brain

26
Q

motor neurons

A

transmit output impulses from the brain and spinal chord to body’s muscles and organs.

27
Q

interneurons

A

perform connective or associative functions within the nervous system

28
Q

Non organic disease

A

pseudodementia- depression, bereavement, drugs

psychogenetic non epileptic seizures- conversion disorder

29
Q

the major link between the brain and the glandular system is the

A

hypothalamus

30
Q

what is closely related to grammar and pronunciation?

A

Brocas area

31
Q

high levels of grey matter

A

high mental test scores

32
Q

brainstem consists of

A

medulla and cerebellum

33
Q

right cerebral hempsiphere

A

perceptual skills and detecting and expressing emotion

34
Q

pleasure/punishment centres located in

A

limbic system

35
Q

agnosia helped by

A

cues of touch

36
Q

limbic system responsible for

A

control of hunger, thirst and sex

37
Q

sense of smell in which lobe

A

frontal

38
Q

area associated with language comprehension

A

wernickes

39
Q

area associated with language production

A

brocas

40
Q

body sensations such as touch, temp, pressure in which brain area?

A

parietal lobes

41
Q

victim says dar instead of car

A

brocas aphasia

42
Q

agnosia

A

inability to identify objects

43
Q

reticular formation associated with

A

attention and wakefulness

44
Q

occipital lobe

A

touch

45
Q

broca’s area location

A

left frontal lobe

46
Q

function of amygdala include

A

helping us to react to dangerous stimuli through a quick fear response

47
Q

PET scan

A

measures glucose metabolism of the brain

48
Q

what acts as the final ‘switching station’ for most incoming sensory info?

A

thalamus

49
Q

somatosensory area located

A

parietal lobes

50
Q

brain centre for audition is in what lobe?

A

temporal

51
Q

Jim doesnt like algebra but is good at art, which side of brain is more developed?

A

right

52
Q

reticular formation job

A

wake up call

53
Q

an action potential occurs because

A

sodium ions leave the nerve cell

54
Q

the channels that transport sodium and potassium within the axon are called

A

ion channels

55
Q

neurons conduct an action potential when…

A

molecular gates open to allow sodium ions into a neuron

56
Q

sequence of communicating a stimulus to another neuron

A

stimulus, electrical impulse, neurotransmitter, receptor site

Psychology (19 decks)

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